--- title: Teeth cut and grind food into small pieces, which are easier to swal… — Digestion: the journey of a sandwich · tree and pragmatics description: Teeth cut and grind food into small pieces, which are easier to swallow and quicker to digest, and saliva wets it and starts breaking the starch in bread into sugar. Who acts: Teeth, small pieces, saliva. A sentence of the lesson «Digestion: the journey of a sandwich» of the biology course of Mova's --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/67-digestion-the-journey-of-a-sandwich/5/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Digestion: the journey of a sandwich](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/67-digestion-the-journey-of-a-sandwich/) / 5 # Digestion: the journey of a sandwich, sentence 5 Teeth cut and grind food into small pieces, which are easier to swallow and quicker to digest, and saliva wets it and starts breaking the starch in bread into sugar. **Who acts:** Teeth, small pieces, saliva · **What happens:** cut, grind, be, swallow, digest, wet · **To what, where:** food, small pieces, starch, bread This is a sentence of the lesson «Digestion: the journey of a sandwich» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Teeth, small pieces, saliva), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:067-digestion-the-journey-of-a-sandwich.lesson:5 # text = Teeth cut and grind food into small pieces, which are easier to swallow and quicker to digest, and saliva wets it and starts breaking the starch in bread into sugar. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 067-digestion-the-journey-of-a-sandwich.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1 1 Teeth teeth NOUN NNS Number=Plur 2 nsubj _ _ 2 cut cut VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 3 and and CCONJ CC _ 4 cc _ _ 4 grind grind VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 2 conj _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=2:conj|HaikuPos=VERB:VB:VerbForm=Inf 5 food food NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 obj _ _ 6 into into ADP IN _ 8 case _ _ 7 small small ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 8 amod _ _ 8 pieces piece NOUN NNS Number=Plur 4 obl _ _ 9 , , PUNCT , _ 12 punct _ _ 10 which which PRON WDT PronType=Rel 12 nsubj _ _ 11 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 12 cop _ _ 12 easier easy ADJ JJR Degree=Cmp 8 acl:relcl _ _ 13 to to PART TO _ 14 mark _ _ 14 swallow swallow VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 12 xcomp _ _ 15 and and CCONJ CC _ 16 cc _ _ 16 quicker quick ADJ JJR Degree=Cmp 12 conj _ _ 17 to to PART TO _ 18 mark _ _ 18 digest digest VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 12 xcomp _ _ 19 , , PUNCT , _ 22 punct _ _ 20 and and CCONJ CC _ 22 cc _ _ 21 saliva saliva NOUN NN Number=Sing 22 nsubj _ _ 22 wets wet VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 2 conj _ _ 23 it it PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 22 obj _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=12:obj 24 and and CCONJ CC _ 25 cc _ _ 25 starts start VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 22 conj _ _ 26 breaking break VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 25 xcomp _ _ 27 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 28 det _ _ 28 starch starch NOUN NN Number=Sing 26 obj _ _ 29 in in ADP IN _ 30 case _ _ 30 bread bread NOUN NN Number=Sing 28 nmod _ _ 31 into into ADP IN _ 32 case _ _ 32 sugar sugar NOUN NN Number=Sing 26 obl _ _ 33 . . PUNCT . _ 2 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **cut** | present | Teeth | | | | | | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer | | 2 | **grind** | present | Teeth *not said here* | food | | small pieces | | | vn build-26.1 «NP V NP.material PP.product»: agent=Agent food=Material into piece=Product | | 3 | **is** | present | small pieces | | | | | easy *property* | tree rules | | 4 | **swallow** | to-infinitive | small pieces *not said here* | | | | | | vn hiccup-40.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 5 | **be** | | small pieces *not said here* | | | | | | tree rules | | 6 | **digest** | to-infinitive | small pieces *not said here* | | | | | | tree rules | | 7 | **wet** | present | saliva | food | | | | | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent it=Patient | | 8 | **start** | present | saliva *not said here* | | | | | | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality | | 9 | **break** | gerund | saliva *not said here* | the starch | | bread | | into sugar *result* | vn break-45.1 «NP V NP PP.result»: agent=Agent starch=Patient into sugar=Result | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:067-digestion-the-journey-of-a-sandwich.lesson:5`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Digestion: the journey of a sandwich, 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/67-digestion-the-journey-of-a-sandwich/4/) - next →: [Digestion: the journey of a sandwich, 6](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/67-digestion-the-journey-of-a-sandwich/6/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/67-digestion-the-journey-of-a-sandwich/)