--- title: Sound is vibration in the air: it shakes the eardrum, three tiny bon… — Senses: eyes and ears · tree and pragmatics description: Sound is vibration in the air: it shakes the eardrum, three tiny bones called the hammer, anvil and stirrup pass it on, and hair cells in the snail-shaped cochlea turn it into nerve signals. Who acts: Sound, many, three tiny bones, hair cells. A sentence of the lesson «Senses: eyes and ears» of the --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/69-senses-eyes-and-ears/13/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Senses: eyes and ears](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/69-senses-eyes-and-ears/) / 13 # Senses: eyes and ears, sentence 13 Sound is vibration in the air: it shakes the eardrum, three tiny bones called the hammer, anvil and stirrup pass it on, and hair cells in the snail-shaped cochlea turn it into nerve signals. **Who acts:** Sound, many, three tiny bones, hair cells · **What happens:** be, shake, call, pass on, shape, turn · **To what, where:** vibration, air, eardrum, hammer, many, nerve signals · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «Senses: eyes and ears» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Sound, many, three tiny bones, hair cells), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:069-senses-eyes-and-ears.lesson:13 # text = Sound is vibration in the air: it shakes the eardrum, three tiny bones called the hammer, anvil and stirrup pass it on, and hair cells in the snail-shaped cochlea turn it into nerve signals. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 069-senses-eyes-and-ears.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R6-punct-agree ×2, R8-pos-agree ×1 1 Sound Sound NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 nsubj _ _ 2 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 cop _ _ 3 vibration vibration NOUN NN Number=Sing 0 root _ _ 4 in in ADP IN _ 6 case _ _ 5 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 6 det _ _ 6 air air NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 nmod _ _ 7 : : PUNCT : _ 9 punct _ _ 8 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 9 nsubj _ _ 9 shakes shake VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 parataxis _ _ 10 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 11 det _ _ 11 eardrum eardrum NOUN NN Number=Sing 9 obj _ _ 12 , , PUNCT , _ 15 punct _ _ 13 three three NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 15 nummod _ _ 14 tiny tiny ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 15 amod _ _ 15 bones bone NOUN NNS Number=Plur 11 conj _ _ 16 called call VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 15 acl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=11:acl 17 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 18 det _ _ 18 hammer hammer NOUN NN Number=Sing 16 obj _ _ 19 , , PUNCT , _ 20 punct _ _ 20 anvil anvil NOUN NN Number=Sing 18 appos _ _ 21 and and CCONJ CC _ 22 cc _ _ 22 stirrup stirrup NOUN NN Number=Sing 20 conj _ _ 23 pass pass VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 9 conj _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=3:parataxis 24 it it PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 23 obj _ _ 25 on on ADP RP _ 23 compound:prt _ _ 26 , , PUNCT , _ 36 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=29:punct 27 and and CCONJ CC _ 36 cc _ _ 28 hair hair NOUN NN Number=Sing 29 compound _ _ 29 cells cell NOUN NNS Number=Plur 36 nsubj _ _ 30 in in ADP IN _ 35 case _ _ 31 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 35 det _ _ 32 snail snail NOUN NN Number=Sing 34 compound _ _ 33 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 34 punct _ _ 34 shaped shape VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 35 amod _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=35:amod|HaikuPos=ADJ:JJ:Degree=Pos 35 cochlea cochlea NOUN NN Number=Sing 29 nmod _ _ 36 turn turn VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 23 conj _ _ 37 it it PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 36 obj _ _ 38 into into ADP IN _ 40 case _ _ 39 nerve nerve NOUN NN Number=Sing 40 compound _ _ 40 signals signal NOUN NNS Number=Plur 36 obl _ _ 41 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=23:punct ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is a** | present | Sound | vibration | | the air | | | tree rules | | 2 | **shake** | present | many | the eardrum and three tiny bones | | | | | vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V NP together»: agent=Agent eardrum=Patient | | 3 | **call** | participle | three tiny bones *not said here* | the hammer | | | | | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent hammer=Recipient | | 4 | **pass on** | present | many *not said here* | many | | | | | vn send-11.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme | | 5 | **shape** | participle | | | | | | | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset | | 6 | **turn** | present | hair cells in the shaped cochlea | many | | nerve signals | | | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent it=Theme into signal=Trajectory | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:069-senses-eyes-and-ears.lesson:13`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R6-punct-agree ×2, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Senses: eyes and ears, 12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/69-senses-eyes-and-ears/12/) - next →: [Senses: eyes and ears, 14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/69-senses-eyes-and-ears/14/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/69-senses-eyes-and-ears/)