--- title: Sound reaches the nearer ear a tiny fraction of a second sooner and… — Senses: eyes and ears · tree and pragmatics description: Sound reaches the nearer ear a tiny fraction of a second sooner and a little louder, and the brain uses these differences to tell where a sound comes from. Who acts: Sound, brain. A sentence of the lesson «Senses: eyes and ears» of the biology course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/69-senses-eyes-and-ears/14/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Senses: eyes and ears](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/69-senses-eyes-and-ears/) / 14 # Senses: eyes and ears, sentence 14 Sound reaches the nearer ear a tiny fraction of a second sooner and a little louder, and the brain uses these differences to tell where a sound comes from. **Who acts:** Sound, brain · **What happens:** reach, use, tell, come · **To what, where:** nearer ear, differences · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «Senses: eyes and ears» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Sound, brain), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:069-senses-eyes-and-ears.lesson:14 # text = Sound reaches the nearer ear a tiny fraction of a second sooner and a little louder, and the brain uses these differences to tell where a sound comes from. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 069-senses-eyes-and-ears.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×4, R7-rel-agree ×1 1 Sound Sound NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 nsubj _ _ 2 reaches reach VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 3 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 5 det _ _ 4 nearer near ADJ JJR Degree=Cmp 5 amod _ _ 5 ear ear NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 obj _ _ 6 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 8 det _ _ 7 tiny tiny ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 8 amod _ _ 8 fraction fraction NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 conj _ _ 9 of of ADP IN _ 12 case _ _ 10 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 11 det _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=12:det 11 second second NOUN NN Number=Sing 8 nmod _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=12:amod|HaikuPos=ADJ:JJ:Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord 12 sooner soon ADV RBR Degree=Cmp 8 advmod _ _ 13 and and CCONJ CC _ 16 cc _ _ 14 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 15 det _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=16:det 15 little little ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 16 obl _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=16:amod 16 louder louder ADJ JJR Degree=Cmp 12 conj _ _ 17 , , PUNCT , _ 21 punct _ _ 18 and and CCONJ CC _ 21 cc _ _ 19 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 20 det _ _ 20 brain brain NOUN NN Number=Sing 21 nsubj _ _ 21 uses use VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 2 conj _ _ 22 these this DET DT Number=Plur|PronType=Dem 23 det _ _ 23 differences difference NOUN NNS Number=Plur 21 obj _ _ 24 to to PART TO _ 25 mark _ _ 25 tell tell VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 21 advcl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=23:acl 26 where where ADV WRB PronType=Rel 29 advmod _ _ 27 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 28 det _ _ 28 sound sound NOUN NN Number=Sing 29 nsubj _ _ 29 comes come VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 25 advcl _ _ 30 from from ADV RB _ 29 advmod _ _ 31 . . PUNCT . _ 2 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **reach** | present | Sound | the nearer ear and a tiny fraction a second | | | | | vn body\_motion-49.2-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Agent ear=Theme | | 2 | **use** | present | the brain | this differences | | | | | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent difference=Patient | | 3 | **tell** *speech: assert* | to-infinitive | the brain *not said here* | | | | | | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 4 | **come** | present | a sound | | | | | from *property* | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:069-senses-eyes-and-ears.lesson:14`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×4, R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Senses: eyes and ears, 13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/69-senses-eyes-and-ears/13/) - next →: [Senses: eyes and ears, 15](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/69-senses-eyes-and-ears/15/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/69-senses-eyes-and-ears/)