--- title: Very loud sounds can damage the hair cells in the cochlea, which in… — Senses: eyes and ears · tree and pragmatics description: Very loud sounds can damage the hair cells in the cochlea, which in people do not grow back; ringing ears after fireworks are a warning sign, and ear defenders help. Who acts: loud sounds, hair cells, fireworks, ear defenders. A sentence of the lesson «Senses: eyes and ears» of the biology course of --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/69-senses-eyes-and-ears/16/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Senses: eyes and ears](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/69-senses-eyes-and-ears/) / 16 # Senses: eyes and ears, sentence 16 Very loud sounds can damage the hair cells in the cochlea, which in people do not grow back; ringing ears after fireworks are a warning sign, and ear defenders help. **Who acts:** loud sounds, hair cells, fireworks, ear defenders · **What happens:** damage, not grow back, ring, be, help · **To what, where:** hair cells, cochlea, people, ears, warning sign This is a sentence of the lesson «Senses: eyes and ears» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (loud sounds, hair cells, fireworks, ear defenders), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:069-senses-eyes-and-ears.lesson:16 # text = Very loud sounds can damage the hair cells in the cochlea, which in people do not grow back; ringing ears after fireworks are a warning sign, and ear defenders help. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 069-senses-eyes-and-ears.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1 1 Very very ADV RB _ 2 advmod _ _ 2 loud loud ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 3 amod _ _ 3 sounds sound NOUN NNS Number=Plur 5 nsubj _ _ 4 can can AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 5 aux _ _ 5 damage damage VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 0 root _ _ 6 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 8 det _ _ 7 hair hair NOUN NN Number=Sing 8 compound _ _ 8 cells cell NOUN NNS Number=Plur 5 obj _ _ 9 in in ADP IN _ 11 case _ _ 10 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 11 det _ _ 11 cochlea cochlea NOUN NN Number=Sing 8 nmod _ _ 12 , , PUNCT , _ 13 punct _ _ 13 which which PRON WDT PronType=Rel 18 nsubj _ _ 14 in in SCONJ IN _ 18 mark _ _ 15 people people NOUN NNS Number=Plur 18 obl _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=18:nsubj 16 do do AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 18 aux _ _ 17 not not PART RB Polarity=Neg 18 advmod _ _ 18 grow grow VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 8 acl:relcl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=11:acl:relcl 19 back back ADV RB _ 18 advmod _ _ 20 ; ; PUNCT , _ 5 punct _ _ 21 ringing ring VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 18 conj _ _ 22 ears ear NOUN NNS Number=Plur 21 obj _ _ 23 after after SCONJ IN _ 28 mark _ _ 24 fireworks firework NOUN NNS Number=Plur 28 nsubj _ _ 25 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 28 cop _ _ 26 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 28 det _ _ 27 warning warning NOUN NN Number=Sing 28 compound _ _ 28 sign sign NOUN NN Number=Sing 21 advcl _ _ 29 , , PUNCT , _ 33 punct _ _ 30 and and CCONJ CC _ 33 cc _ _ 31 ear ear NOUN NN Number=Sing 32 compound _ _ 32 defenders defender NOUN NNS Number=Plur 33 nsubj _ _ 33 help help VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 21 conj _ _ 34 . . PUNCT . _ 5 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **damage** | can | loud sounds | the hair cells | | the cochlea | | | vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cell=Patient | | 2 | **not** **grow back** | present · do-support | the hair cells | people | | | | | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 3 | **ring** | gerund | the hair cells *not said here* | ears | | | | | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location ear=Theme | | 4 | **is a** | present | fireworks | a warning sign | | | | | tree rules | | 5 | **help** | present | ear defenders | | | | | | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:069-senses-eyes-and-ears.lesson:16`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Senses: eyes and ears, 15](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/69-senses-eyes-and-ears/15/) - next →: [Senses: eyes and ears, 17](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/69-senses-eyes-and-ears/17/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/69-senses-eyes-and-ears/)