--- title: Antarctica is a continent at the bottom of the world, buried under i… — Antarctica: penguins, seals and the coldest plac… · tree and pragmatics description: Antarctica is a continent at the bottom of the world, buried under ice more than 4 km thick in places, so high, dry and dark in winter that it holds the record for the coldest temperature ever measured. Who acts: Antarctica, ice. A sentence of the lesson «Antarctica: penguins, seals and the coldest --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/7-antarctica/0/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Antarctica: penguins, seals and the co…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/7-antarctica/) / 0 # Antarctica: penguins, seals and the coldest place on Earth, sentence 0 Antarctica is a continent at the bottom of the world, buried under ice more than 4 km thick in places, so high, dry and dark in winter that it holds the record for the coldest temperature ever measured. **Who acts:** Antarctica, ice · **What happens:** be, bury, hold, measure · **To what, where:** continent, bottom, ice, record, coldest temperature This is a sentence of the lesson «Antarctica: penguins, seals and the coldest place on Earth» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Antarctica, ice), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:007-antarctica.lesson:0 # text = Antarctica is a continent at the bottom of the world, buried under ice more than 4 km thick in places, so high, dry and dark in winter that it holds the record for the coldest temperature ever measured. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 007-antarctica.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×4 1 Antarctica Antarctica PROPN NNP Number=Sing 4 nsubj _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=4:nsubj|HaikuPos=NOUN:NN:Number=Sing 2 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 4 cop _ _ 3 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 4 det _ _ 4 continent continent NOUN NN Number=Sing 0 root _ _ 5 at at ADP IN _ 7 case _ _ 6 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 7 det _ _ 7 bottom bottom NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 nmod _ _ 8 of of ADP IN _ 10 case _ _ 9 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 10 det _ _ 10 world world NOUN NN Number=Sing 7 nmod _ _ 11 , , PUNCT , _ 12 punct _ _ 12 buried bury VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 4 acl _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=4:conj 13 under under ADP IN _ 14 case _ _ 14 ice ice NOUN NN Number=Sing 12 obl _ _ 15 more more ADJ JJR Degree=Cmp 19 advmod _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=19:advmod|HaikuPos=ADV:RBR:Degree=Cmp 16 than than ADP IN _ 18 case _ _ 17 4 4 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 18 nummod _ _ 18 km km NOUN NNS Number=Plur 19 obl _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=19:obl|HaikuPos=NOUN:NN:Number=Sing 19 thick thick ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 14 amod _ _ 20 in in ADP IN _ 21 case _ _ 21 places place NOUN NNS Number=Plur 19 obl _ _ 22 , , PUNCT , _ 24 punct _ _ 23 so so ADV RB _ 24 advmod _ _ 24 high high ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 4 parataxis _ _ 25 , , PUNCT , _ 26 punct _ _ 26 dry dry ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 24 conj _ _ 27 and and CCONJ CC _ 28 cc _ _ 28 dark dark ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 24 conj _ _ 29 in in ADP IN _ 30 case _ _ 30 winter winter NOUN NN Number=Sing 24 obl _ _ 31 that that SCONJ IN _ 33 mark _ _ 32 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 33 nsubj _ _ 33 holds hold VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 30 acl:relcl _ _ 34 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 35 det _ _ 35 record record NOUN NN Number=Sing 33 obj _ _ 36 for for ADP IN _ 39 case _ _ 37 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 39 det _ _ 38 coldest cold ADJ JJS Degree=Sup 39 amod _ _ 39 temperature temperature NOUN NN Number=Sing 35 nmod _ _ 40 ever ever ADV RB PronType=Ind 41 advmod _ _ 41 measured measure VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 39 acl:relcl _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=39:acl:relcl|HaikuPos=VERB:VBD:Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 42 . . PUNCT . _ 4 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is a** | present | Antarctica | a continent | | the bottom of the world | | | tree rules | | 2 | **bury** | participle | | a continent *not said here* | | ice | | | vn put-9.1-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent under ice=Destination | | 3 | **hold** | present | ice | the record | | | | for the coldest temperature | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent record=Theme | | 4 | **measure** | participle | | the coldest temperature *not said here* | | | ever | | vn register-54.1-2-1 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:007-antarctica.lesson:0`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×4. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [The Arctic: ice, snow and the polar be…, 17](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/6-the-arctic/17/) - next →: [Antarctica: penguins, seals and the co…, 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/7-antarctica/1/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/7-antarctica/)