--- title: Weddell seals live farther south than any other mammal, can hold the… — Antarctica: penguins, seals and the coldest plac… · tree and pragmatics description: Weddell seals live farther south than any other mammal, can hold their breath for over an hour and keep breathing holes open by scraping the ice with their teeth. Who acts: Weddell seals. A sentence of the lesson «Antarctica: penguins, seals and the coldest place on Earth» of the biology course of M --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/7-antarctica/14/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Antarctica: penguins, seals and the co…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/7-antarctica/) / 14 # Antarctica: penguins, seals and the coldest place on Earth, sentence 14 Weddell seals live farther south than any other mammal, can hold their breath for over an hour and keep breathing holes open by scraping the ice with their teeth. **Who acts:** Weddell seals · **What happens:** live, hold, keep, breathe, scrape · **To what, where:** breath, holes, ice This is a sentence of the lesson «Antarctica: penguins, seals and the coldest place on Earth» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Weddell seals), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:007-antarctica.lesson:14 # text = Weddell seals live farther south than any other mammal, can hold their breath for over an hour and keep breathing holes open by scraping the ice with their teeth. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 007-antarctica.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1 1 Weddell Weddell PROPN NNP Number=Sing 2 compound _ _ 2 seals seal NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 nsubj _ _ 3 live live VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 4 farther far ADV RBR Degree=Cmp 5 advmod _ _ 5 south south ADV RB _ 3 advmod _ _ 6 than than ADP IN _ 9 case _ _ 7 any any DET DT PronType=Ind 9 det _ _ 8 other other ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 9 amod _ _ 9 mammal mammal NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 obl _ _ 10 , , PUNCT , _ 12 punct _ _ 11 can can AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 12 aux _ _ 12 hold hold VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 3 conj _ _ 13 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 14 nmod:poss _ _ 14 breath breath NOUN NN Number=Sing 12 obj _ _ 15 for for ADP IN _ 18 case _ _ 16 over over ADP IN _ 18 case _ _ 17 an a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 18 det _ _ 18 hour hour NOUN NN Number=Sing 12 obl _ _ 19 and and CCONJ CC _ 20 cc _ _ 20 keep keep VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 12 conj _ _ 21 breathing breathe VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 20 xcomp _ _ 22 holes hole NOUN NNS Number=Plur 21 obj _ _ 23 open open ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 21 xcomp _ _ 24 by by SCONJ IN _ 25 mark _ _ 25 scraping scrape VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 23 advcl _ _ 26 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 27 det _ _ 27 ice ice NOUN NN Number=Sing 25 obj _ _ 28 with with ADP IN _ 30 case _ _ 29 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 30 nmod:poss _ _ 30 teeth tooth NOUN NNS Number=Plur 25 obl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=27:nmod 31 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **live** | present | Weddell seals | | | | | than any other mammal; south *property* | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 2 | **hold** | can | Weddell seals *not said here* | seals's breath | | | hour | | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent breath=Theme | | 3 | **keep** | infinitive | Weddell seals *not said here* | | | | | | tree rules | | 4 | **breathe** | gerund | Weddell seals *not said here* | holes | | | | open *property* | vn breathe-40.1.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hole=Theme | | 5 | **scrape** | gerund | Weddell seals *not said here* | the ice | | | | with seals's teeth | vn cut-21.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ice=Patient with tooth=Instrument | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:007-antarctica.lesson:14`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Antarctica: penguins, seals and the co…, 13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/7-antarctica/13/) - next →: [Antarctica: penguins, seals and the co…, 15](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/7-antarctica/15/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/7-antarctica/)