---
title: Adelie penguins build nests of stones that lift the eggs above meltw… — Antarctica: penguins, seals and the coldest plac… · tree and pragmatics
description: Adelie penguins build nests of stones that lift the eggs above meltwater, and because good stones are hard to find they steal them from their neighbours; penguins can drink seawater because a gland above the eye removes extra salt. Who acts: Adelie penguins, stones, good stones, penguins. A sentence
---

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# Antarctica: penguins, seals and the coldest place on Earth, sentence 18

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Adelie penguins build nests of stones that lift the eggs above meltwater, and because good stones are hard to find they steal them from their neighbours; penguins can drink seawater because a gland above the eye removes extra salt.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Adelie penguins, stones, good stones, penguins, gland · **What happens:** build, lift, be, find, steal, drink · **To what, where:** nests, eggs, meltwater, neighbours, seawater, extra salt

<!-- .vabout -->
This is a sentence of the lesson «Antarctica: penguins, seals and the coldest place on Earth» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Adelie penguins, stones, good stones, penguins), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:biology:007-antarctica.lesson:18
# text = Adelie penguins build nests of stones that lift the eggs above meltwater, and because good stones are hard to find they steal them from their neighbours; penguins can drink seawater because a gland above the eye removes extra salt.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = biology
# lesson = 007-antarctica.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R2-punct-next ×1, R3-conj-first ×1, R5-strong ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1
1	Adelie	adelie	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	penguins	penguin	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	build	build	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	nests	nest	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	stones	stone	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nmod	_	_
7	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
8	lift	lift	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	acl:relcl	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	eggs	egg	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obj	_	_
11	above	above	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	meltwater	meltwater	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=10:nmod
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
15	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	19	mark	_	_
16	good	good	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	_
17	stones	stone	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	19	nsubj	_	_
18	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	19	cop	_	_
19	hard	hard	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	23	advcl	_	_
20	to	to	PART	TO	_	21	mark	_	_
21	find	find	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	19	xcomp	_	_
22	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	23	nsubj	_	_
23	steal	steal	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=3:conj|HaikuPos=VERB:VB:Mood=Sub|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin
24	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	23	obj	_	_
25	from	from	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
26	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	27	nmod:poss	_	_
27	neighbours	neighbour	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	23	obl	_	_
28	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	31	punct	_	Agree=R2-punct-next|Haiku=3:punct
29	penguins	penguin	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	31	nsubj	_	_
30	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	31	aux	_	_
31	drink	drink	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	conj	_	Agree=R3-conj-first|Haiku=23:conj
32	seawater	seawater	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	31	obj	_	_
33	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	39	mark	_	_
34	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	35	det	_	_
35	gland	gland	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	39	nsubj	_	_
36	above	above	ADP	IN	_	38	case	_	_
37	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	38	det	_	_
38	eye	eye	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	35	nmod	_	_
39	removes	remove	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	31	advcl	_	_
40	extra	extra	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	41	amod	_	_
41	salt	salt	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	39	obj	_	_
42	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: changed polarity=none

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **build** | present | Adelie penguins | nests of stones |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent nest=Product |
| 2 | **lift** | present | stones | the eggs |  | meltwater |  |  | vn put\_direction-9.4 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent egg=Theme above meltwater=Destination |
| 3 | **is** | present | good stones |  |  |  |  | hard *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **find** | to-infinitive | good stones *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V what S\_INF»: agent=Agent |
| 5 | **steal** | present | stones *= stone* | nests *= nest* |  | stones's neighbours |  |  | vn steal-10.5-1 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent they=Theme from neighbour=Source |
| 6 | **drink** | can | penguins | seawater |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent seawater=Patient |
| 7 | **remove** | present | a gland above the eye | extra salt |  |  |  |  | vn fire-10.10 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent salt=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:007-antarctica.lesson:18`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R2-punct-next ×1, R3-conj-first ×1, R5-strong ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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