--- title: Male emperor penguins huddle through the Antarctic winter in winds u… — Antarctica: penguins, seals and the coldest plac… · tree and pragmatics description: Male emperor penguins huddle through the Antarctic winter in winds up to about 200 km per hour and temperatures below minus 40 degrees, each balancing one egg on his feet under a warm fold of belly skin for about two months without eating. Who acts: Male emperor penguins, each. A sentence of the les --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/7-antarctica/5/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Antarctica: penguins, seals and the co…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/7-antarctica/) / 5 # Antarctica: penguins, seals and the coldest place on Earth, sentence 5 Male emperor penguins huddle through the Antarctic winter in winds up to about 200 km per hour and temperatures below minus 40 degrees, each balancing one egg on his feet under a warm fold of belly skin for about two months without eating. **Who acts:** Male emperor penguins, each · **What happens:** huddle, balance, eat · **To what, where:** winds, one egg, feet This is a sentence of the lesson «Antarctica: penguins, seals and the coldest place on Earth» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Male emperor penguins, each), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:007-antarctica.lesson:5 # text = Male emperor penguins huddle through the Antarctic winter in winds up to about 200 km per hour and temperatures below minus 40 degrees, each balancing one egg on his feet under a warm fold of belly skin for about two months without eating. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 007-antarctica.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1 1 Male male ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 3 amod _ _ 2 emperor emperor NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 compound _ _ 3 penguins penguin NOUN NNS Number=Plur 4 nsubj _ _ 4 huddle huddle VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 5 through through ADP IN _ 8 case _ _ 6 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 8 det _ _ 7 Antarctic Antarctic PROPN NNP Number=Sing 8 compound _ _ 8 winter winter NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 obl _ _ 9 in in ADP IN _ 10 case _ _ 10 winds wind NOUN NNS Number=Plur 4 obl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=8:nmod 11 up up ADP IN _ 15 case _ _ 12 to to ADP IN _ 15 case _ _ 13 about about ADV RB _ 14 advmod _ _ 14 200 200 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 15 nummod _ _ 15 km km NOUN NN Number=Sing 10 nmod _ _ 16 per per ADP IN _ 17 case _ _ 17 hour hour NOUN NN Number=Sing 15 nmod _ _ 18 and and CCONJ CC _ 19 cc _ _ 19 temperatures temperature NOUN NNS Number=Plur 10 conj _ _ 20 below below ADP IN _ 23 case _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=23:advmod|HaikuPos=ADV:RB:_ 21 minus minus ADV RB _ 23 advmod _ _ 22 40 40 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 23 nummod _ _ 23 degrees degree NOUN NNS Number=Plur 19 nmod _ _ 24 , , PUNCT , _ 28 punct _ _ 25 each each DET DT PronType=Tot 26 nsubj _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=26:nsubj|HaikuPos=PRON:DT:PronType=Tot 26 balancing balance VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 4 advcl _ _ 27 one one NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 28 nummod _ _ 28 egg egg NOUN NN Number=Sing 26 obj _ _ 29 on on ADP IN _ 31 case _ _ 30 his his PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 31 nmod:poss _ _ 31 feet foot NOUN NNS Number=Plur 28 nmod _ _ 32 under under ADP IN _ 35 case _ _ 33 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 35 det _ _ 34 warm warm ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 35 amod _ _ 35 fold fold NOUN NN Number=Sing 26 obl _ _ 36 of of ADP IN _ 38 case _ _ 37 belly belly NOUN NN Number=Sing 38 compound _ _ 38 skin skin NOUN NN Number=Sing 35 nmod _ _ 39 for for ADP IN _ 42 case _ _ 40 about about ADV RB _ 41 advmod _ _ 41 two two NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 42 nummod _ _ 42 months month NOUN NNS Number=Plur 26 obl _ _ 43 without without SCONJ IN _ 44 mark _ _ 44 eating eat VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 4 advcl _ _ 45 . . PUNCT . _ 4 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **huddle** | present | Male emperor penguins | | | winds up 200 km per hour and temperatures below 40 degrees | winter | | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in wind=Location | | 2 | **balance** | gerund | each | one egg | | chick's feet | month | under a warm fold of belly skin | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V NP.theme PP»: agent=Agent egg=Theme under fold=Location | | 3 | **eat** | gerund | Male emperor penguins *not said here* | | | | | | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:007-antarctica.lesson:5`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Antarctica: penguins, seals and the co…, 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/7-antarctica/4/) - next →: [Antarctica: penguins, seals and the co…, 6](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/7-antarctica/6/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/7-antarctica/)