--- title: Penguins toboggan on their bellies because sliding is faster and use… — Antarctica: penguins, seals and the coldest plac… · tree and pragmatics description: Penguins toboggan on their bellies because sliding is faster and uses less energy than waddling, and gentoo penguins are the fastest swimming penguins, at about 35 km per hour underwater. Who acts: gentoo penguins. A sentence of the lesson «Antarctica: penguins, seals and the coldest place on Earth» --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/7-antarctica/7/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Antarctica: penguins, seals and the co…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/7-antarctica/) / 7 # Antarctica: penguins, seals and the coldest place on Earth, sentence 7 Penguins toboggan on their bellies because sliding is faster and uses less energy than waddling, and gentoo penguins are the fastest swimming penguins, at about 35 km per hour underwater. **Who acts:** gentoo penguins · **What happens:** slide, be, use, waddle, swim · **To what, where:** less energy, fastest swimming penguins, 35 km This is a sentence of the lesson «Antarctica: penguins, seals and the coldest place on Earth» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (gentoo penguins), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:007-antarctica.lesson:7 # text = Penguins toboggan on their bellies because sliding is faster and uses less energy than waddling, and gentoo penguins are the fastest swimming penguins, at about 35 km per hour underwater. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 007-antarctica.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1 1 Penguins penguin NOUN NNS Number=Plur 2 nsubj _ _ 2 toboggan toboggan NOUN NN Number=Sing 0 root _ _ 3 on on ADP IN _ 5 case _ _ 4 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 5 nmod:poss _ _ 5 bellies belly NOUN NNS Number=Plur 2 obl _ _ 6 because because SCONJ IN _ 9 mark _ _ 7 sliding slide VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 9 nsubj _ _ 8 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 9 cop _ _ 9 faster fast ADJ JJR Degree=Cmp 2 advcl _ _ 10 and and CCONJ CC _ 11 cc _ _ 11 uses use VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 9 conj _ _ 12 less less ADJ JJR Degree=Cmp 13 amod _ _ 13 energy energy NOUN NN Number=Sing 11 obj _ _ 14 than than SCONJ IN _ 15 mark _ _ 15 waddling waddle VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 11 advcl _ _ 16 , , PUNCT , _ 24 punct _ _ 17 and and CCONJ CC _ 24 cc _ _ 18 gentoo gentoo NOUN NN Number=Sing 19 compound _ _ 19 penguins penguin NOUN NNS Number=Plur 24 nsubj _ _ 20 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 24 cop _ _ 21 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 24 det _ _ 22 fastest fast ADJ JJS Degree=Sup 24 amod _ _ 23 swimming swim VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 24 amod _ _ 24 penguins penguin NOUN NNS Number=Plur 2 conj _ _ 25 , , PUNCT , _ 29 punct _ _ 26 at at ADP IN _ 29 case _ _ 27 about about ADV RB _ 28 advmod _ _ 28 35 35 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 29 nummod _ _ 29 km km NOUN NN Number=Sing 24 obl _ _ 30 per per ADP IN _ 32 case _ _ 31 hour hour NOUN NN Number=Sing 29 nmod _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=32:compound 32 underwater underwater NOUN NN Number=Sing 29 nmod _ _ 33 . . PUNCT . _ 2 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **slide** | gerund | | | | | | | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 2 | **is** | present | | | | | | fast *property* | tree rules | | 3 | **use** | present | | less energy | | | | | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent energy=Patient | | 4 | **waddle** | gerund | | | | | | | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 5 | **swim** | gerund | | | | | | | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 6 | **is a** | present | gentoo penguins | the fastest swimming penguins | | 35 km hour per underwater | | | tree rules | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:007-antarctica.lesson:7`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Antarctica: penguins, seals and the co…, 6](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/7-antarctica/6/) - next →: [Antarctica: penguins, seals and the co…, 8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/7-antarctica/8/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/7-antarctica/)