---
title: Polar bears live only in the Arctic and penguins almost only in the… — Antarctica: penguins, seals and the coldest plac… · tree and pragmatics
description: Polar bears live only in the Arctic and penguins almost only in the southern half of the world, so they never meet in the wild; the Galapagos penguin lives right at the equator, kept cool by cold currents. Who acts: Polar bears, penguins, Galapagos penguin. A sentence of the lesson «Antarctica: peng
---

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[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/7-antarctica/8/)

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# Antarctica: penguins, seals and the coldest place on Earth, sentence 8

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Polar bears live only in the Arctic and penguins almost only in the southern half of the world, so they never meet in the wild; the Galapagos penguin lives right at the equator, kept cool by cold currents.

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**Who acts:** Polar bears, penguins, Galapagos penguin · **What happens:** live, not meet, keep · **To what, where:** Arctic, wild, equator

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This is a sentence of the lesson «Antarctica: penguins, seals and the coldest place on Earth» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Polar bears, penguins, Galapagos penguin), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:biology:007-antarctica.lesson:8
# text = Polar bears live only in the Arctic and penguins almost only in the southern half of the world, so they never meet in the wild; the Galapagos penguin lives right at the equator, kept cool by cold currents.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = biology
# lesson = 007-antarctica.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1
1	Polar	polar	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	bears	bear	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	live	live	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	only	only	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	Arctic	Arctic	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	penguins	penguin	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	conj	_	_
10	almost	almost	ADV	RB	_	15	advmod	_	_
11	only	only	ADV	RB	_	15	advmod	_	_
12	in	in	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
14	southern	southern	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	half	half	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing|NumForm=Word|NumType=Frac	3	parataxis	_	_
16	of	of	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	world	world	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nmod	_	_
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
20	so	so	ADV	RB	_	23	advmod	_	_
21	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	23	nsubj	_	_
22	never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	23	advmod	_	_
23	meet	meet	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	parataxis	_	_
24	in	in	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
25	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
26	wild	wild	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	obl	_	_
27	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	31	punct	_	_
28	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	30	det	_	_
29	Galapagos	Galapagos	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	30	compound	_	_
30	penguin	penguin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	31	nsubj	_	_
31	lives	live	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	parataxis	_	Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=3:conj
32	right	right	ADV	RB	_	35	advmod	_	_
33	at	at	ADP	IN	_	35	case	_	_
34	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	35	det	_	_
35	equator	equator	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	31	obl	_	_
36	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	37	punct	_	_
37	kept	keep	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	31	advcl	_	Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=35:acl
38	cool	cool	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	37	xcomp	_	_
39	by	by	ADP	IN	_	41	case	_	_
40	cold	cold	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	41	amod	_	_
41	currents	current	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	38	obl	_	_
42	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: changed polarity=none

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **live** | present | Polar bears |  |  | the Arctic and penguins |  |  | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in arctic=Location |
| 2 | **not** **meet** | present | penguins *= penguin* |  |  | the wild |  |  | vn meet-36.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **live** | present | the Galapagos penguin |  |  | the equator |  |  | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme at equator=Location |
| 4 | **keep** | participle | the Galapagos penguin *not said here* |  |  |  |  | cool *property* | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:007-antarctica.lesson:8`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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- ← previous: [Antarctica: penguins, seals and the co…, 7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/7-antarctica/7/)
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