--- title: The bumps on the tongue are papillae, and many of them hold taste bu… — Senses: nose, tongue and skin · tree and pragmatics description: The bumps on the tongue are papillae, and many of them hold taste buds; an adult has about 2,000 to 10,000 taste buds, and they are replaced about every week or two. Who acts: bumps, many, adult. A sentence of the lesson «Senses: nose, tongue and skin» of the biology course of Mova's primary school --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/70-senses-nose-tongue-and-skin/10/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Senses: nose, tongue and skin](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/70-senses-nose-tongue-and-skin/) / 10 # Senses: nose, tongue and skin, sentence 10 The bumps on the tongue are papillae, and many of them hold taste buds; an adult has about 2,000 to 10,000 taste buds, and they are replaced about every week or two. **Who acts:** bumps, many, adult · **What happens:** be, hold, have, replace · **To what, where:** papillae, taste buds, 2,000 taste buds, buds This is a sentence of the lesson «Senses: nose, tongue and skin» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (bumps, many, adult), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:070-senses-nose-tongue-and-skin.lesson:10 # text = The bumps on the tongue are papillae, and many of them hold taste buds; an adult has about 2,000 to 10,000 taste buds, and they are replaced about every week or two. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 070-senses-nose-tongue-and-skin.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1 1 The the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 2 det _ _ 2 bumps bump NOUN NNS Number=Plur 7 nsubj _ _ 3 on on ADP IN _ 5 case _ _ 4 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 5 det _ _ 5 tongue tongue NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 nmod _ _ 6 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 7 cop _ _ 7 papillae papilla NOUN NNS Number=Plur 0 root _ _ 8 , , PUNCT , _ 13 punct _ _ 9 and and CCONJ CC _ 13 cc _ _ 10 many many ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 13 nsubj _ _ 11 of of ADP IN _ 12 case _ _ 12 them they PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 10 nmod _ _ 13 hold hold VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 7 conj _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=7:acl:relcl 14 taste taste NOUN NN Number=Sing 15 compound _ _ 15 buds bud NOUN NNS Number=Plur 13 obj _ _ 16 ; ; PUNCT : _ 19 punct _ _ 17 an a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 18 det _ _ 18 adult adult NOUN NN Number=Sing 19 nsubj _ _ 19 has have VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 13 conj _ _ 20 about about ADV RB _ 21 advmod _ _ 21 2,000 2000 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 25 nummod _ _ 22 to to ADP IN _ 23 case _ _ 23 10,000 10000 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 21 nmod _ _ 24 taste taste NOUN NN Number=Sing 25 compound _ _ 25 buds bud NOUN NNS Number=Plur 19 obj _ _ 26 , , PUNCT , _ 30 punct _ _ 27 and and CCONJ CC _ 30 cc _ _ 28 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 30 nsubj:pass _ _ 29 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 30 aux:pass _ _ 30 replaced replace VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 19 conj _ _ 31 about about ADV RB _ 33 advmod _ _ 32 every every DET DT PronType=Tot 33 det _ _ 33 week week NOUN NN Number=Sing 30 obl:unmarked _ _ 34 or or CCONJ CC _ 35 cc _ _ 35 two two NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 33 conj _ _ 36 . . PUNCT . _ 7 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is a** | present | the bumps on the tongue | papillae | | | | | tree rules | | 2 | **hold** | present | many of bumps | taste buds | | | | | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bud=Theme | | 3 | **have** | present | a adult | 2,000 taste buds | | | | | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bud=Patient | | 4 | **replace** | present · passive | | buds *= bud* | | | week | | vn substitute-13.6.2-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Co-Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:070-senses-nose-tongue-and-skin.lesson:10`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Senses: nose, tongue and skin, 9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/70-senses-nose-tongue-and-skin/9/) - next →: [Senses: nose, tongue and skin, 12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/70-senses-nose-tongue-and-skin/12/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/70-senses-nose-tongue-and-skin/)