--- title: Bacteria in plaque eat sugar and make acid that dissolves enamel int… — Staying healthy: germs, vaccines, sleep, food an… · tree and pragmatics description: Bacteria in plaque eat sugar and make acid that dissolves enamel into cavities; brushing twice a day for two minutes with fluoride toothpaste helps, and brushing at bedtime matters most because bacteria feed on sugar left in the mouth all night, and enamel, the hardest substance in the body, cannot --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/72-staying-healthy/11/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Staying healthy: germs, vaccines, slee…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/72-staying-healthy/) / 11 # Staying healthy: germs, vaccines, sleep, food and exercise, sentence 11 Bacteria in plaque eat sugar and make acid that dissolves enamel into cavities; brushing twice a day for two minutes with fluoride toothpaste helps, and brushing at bedtime matters most because bacteria feed on sugar left in the mouth all night, and enamel, the hardest substance in the body, cannot grow back. **Who acts:** Bacteria, acid, fluoride toothpaste, enamel · **What happens:** eat, make, dissolve, brush, help, feed · **To what, where:** sugar, acid, enamel, cavities, bedtime matters, mouth This is a sentence of the lesson «Staying healthy: germs, vaccines, sleep, food and exercise» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Bacteria, acid, fluoride toothpaste, enamel), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:072-staying-healthy.lesson:11 # text = Bacteria in plaque eat sugar and make acid that dissolves enamel into cavities; brushing twice a day for two minutes with fluoride toothpaste helps, and brushing at bedtime matters most because bacteria feed on sugar left in the mouth all night, and enamel, the hardest substance in the body, cannot grow back. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 072-staying-healthy.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×2 1 Bacteria Bacteria NOUN NNS Number=Plur 4 nsubj _ _ 2 in in ADP IN _ 3 case _ _ 3 plaque plaque NOUN NN Number=Sing 1 nmod _ _ 4 eat eat VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 5 sugar sugar NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 obj _ _ 6 and and CCONJ CC _ 7 cc _ _ 7 make make VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 4 conj _ _ 8 acid acid NOUN NN Number=Sing 7 obj _ _ 9 that that PRON WDT PronType=Rel 10 nsubj _ _ 10 dissolves dissolve VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 8 acl:relcl _ _ 11 enamel enamel NOUN NN Number=Sing 10 obj _ _ 12 into into ADP IN _ 13 case _ _ 13 cavities cavity NOUN NNS Number=Plur 10 obl _ _ 14 ; ; PUNCT , _ 15 punct _ _ 15 brushing brush VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 7 advcl _ _ 16 twice twice ADV RB NumForm=Word|NumType=Mult 15 advmod _ _ 17 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 18 det _ _ 18 day day NOUN NN Number=Sing 16 obl:unmarked _ _ 19 for for ADP IN _ 21 case _ _ 20 two two NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 21 nummod _ _ 21 minutes minute NOUN NNS Number=Plur 15 obl _ _ 22 with with ADP IN _ 24 case _ _ 23 fluoride fluoride NOUN NN Number=Sing 24 compound _ _ 24 toothpaste toothpaste NOUN NN Number=Sing 25 nsubj _ _ 25 helps help VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 21 conj _ _ 26 , , PUNCT , _ 28 punct _ _ 27 and and CCONJ CC _ 28 cc _ _ 28 brushing brush VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 25 advcl _ _ 29 at at ADP IN _ 31 case _ _ 30 bedtime bedtime NOUN NN Number=Sing 31 compound _ _ 31 matters matter NOUN NNS Number=Plur 28 obl _ _ 32 most most ADV RBS Degree=Sup 28 advmod _ _ 33 because because SCONJ IN _ 35 mark _ _ 34 bacteria bacteria NOUN NNS Number=Plur 35 nsubj _ _ 35 feed feed VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 31 advcl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=28:advcl 36 on on ADP IN _ 37 case _ _ 37 sugar sugar NOUN NN Number=Sing 35 obl _ _ 38 left leave VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 37 acl _ _ 39 in in ADP IN _ 41 case _ _ 40 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 41 det _ _ 41 mouth mouth NOUN NN Number=Sing 38 obl _ _ 42 all all DET DT PronType=Tot 43 det _ _ 43 night night NOUN NN Number=Sing 38 obl:unmarked _ _ 44 , , PUNCT , _ 57 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=46:punct 45 and and CCONJ CC _ 57 cc _ _ 46 enamel enamel NOUN NN Number=Sing 57 nsubj _ _ 47 , , PUNCT , _ 50 punct _ _ 48 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 50 det _ _ 49 hardest hard ADJ JJS Degree=Sup 50 amod _ _ 50 substance substance NOUN NN Number=Sing 46 appos _ _ 51 in in ADP IN _ 53 case _ _ 52 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 53 det _ _ 53 body body NOUN NN Number=Sing 50 nmod _ _ 54 , , PUNCT , _ 57 punct _ _ 55 can can AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 57 aux _ _ 56 not not PART RB Polarity=Neg 57 advmod _ _ 57 grow grow VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 7 conj _ _ 58 back back ADV RB _ 57 advmod _ _ 59 . . PUNCT . _ 4 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=7:punct ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **eat** | present | Bacteria in plaque | sugar | | | | | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sugar=Patient | | 2 | **make** | present | Bacteria in plaque *not said here* | acid | | | | | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset acid=Product | | 3 | **dissolve** | present | acid | enamel | | | | into cavities *result* | vn break-45.1 «NP V NP PP.result»: agent=Agent enamel=Patient into cavity=Result | | 4 | **brush** | gerund | Bacteria in plaque *not said here* | | | | minute | twice *property* | vn floss-41.2.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 5 | **help** | present | fluoride toothpaste | | | | | | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent | | 6 | **brush** | gerund | fluoride toothpaste *not said here* | | | bedtime matters | | | vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V PP.destination»: agent=Theme at matter=Destination | | 7 | **feed** | present | bacteria | | | | | on sugar | vn gorge-39.6 «NP V PP.patient»: agent=Agent on sugar=Patient | | 8 | **leave** | participle | | sugar *not said here* | | | night | in the mouth *result* | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient in mouth=Result | | 9 | **not** **grow back** | can | enamel | | | | | | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:072-staying-healthy.lesson:11`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×2. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Staying healthy: germs, vaccines, slee…, 10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/72-staying-healthy/10/) - next →: [Staying healthy: germs, vaccines, slee…, 12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/72-staying-healthy/12/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/72-staying-healthy/)