--- title: Ultraviolet rays in sunlight damage skin cells and cause sunburn; su… — Staying healthy: germs, vaccines, sleep, food an… · tree and pragmatics description: Ultraviolet rays in sunlight damage skin cells and cause sunburn; sunscreen blocks much of it but must be put on again after swimming, and you can burn on a cloudy day, because most ultraviolet rays pass through thin cloud. Who acts: Ultraviolet rays, sunscreen, you, most ultraviolet rays. A sentenc --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/72-staying-healthy/14/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Staying healthy: germs, vaccines, slee…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/72-staying-healthy/) / 14 # Staying healthy: germs, vaccines, sleep, food and exercise, sentence 14 Ultraviolet rays in sunlight damage skin cells and cause sunburn; sunscreen blocks much of it but must be put on again after swimming, and you can burn on a cloudy day, because most ultraviolet rays pass through thin cloud. **Who acts:** Ultraviolet rays, sunscreen, you, most ultraviolet rays · **What happens:** damage, cause, block, put on, swim, burn · **To what, where:** skin cells, sunburn, much, thin cloud This is a sentence of the lesson «Staying healthy: germs, vaccines, sleep, food and exercise» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Ultraviolet rays, sunscreen, you, most ultraviolet rays), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:072-staying-healthy.lesson:14 # text = Ultraviolet rays in sunlight damage skin cells and cause sunburn; sunscreen blocks much of it but must be put on again after swimming, and you can burn on a cloudy day, because most ultraviolet rays pass through thin cloud. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 072-staying-healthy.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×2 1 Ultraviolet ultraviolet NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 compound _ _ 2 rays ray NOUN NNS Number=Plur 5 nsubj _ _ 3 in in ADP IN _ 4 case _ _ 4 sunlight sunlight NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 nmod _ _ 5 damage damage VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 6 skin skin NOUN NN Number=Sing 7 compound _ _ 7 cells cell NOUN NNS Number=Plur 5 obj _ _ 8 and and CCONJ CC _ 9 cc _ _ 9 cause cause VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 5 conj _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=5:conj|HaikuPos=VERB:VB:VerbForm=Inf 10 sunburn sunburn NOUN NN Number=Sing 9 obj _ _ 11 ; ; PUNCT , _ 5 punct _ _ 12 sunscreen sunscreen NOUN NN Number=Sing 13 nsubj _ _ 13 blocks block VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 5 parataxis _ _ 14 much much ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 13 obj _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=13:obj|HaikuPos=PRON:NN:_ 15 of of ADP IN _ 16 case _ _ 16 it it PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 14 nmod _ _ 17 but but CCONJ CC _ 20 cc _ _ 18 must must AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 20 aux _ _ 19 be be AUX VB VerbForm=Inf 20 aux:pass _ _ 20 put put VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 13 conj _ _ 21 on on ADP RP _ 20 compound:prt _ _ 22 again again ADV RB _ 20 advmod _ _ 23 after after SCONJ IN _ 24 mark _ _ 24 swimming swim VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 20 advcl _ _ 25 , , PUNCT , _ 29 punct _ _ 26 and and CCONJ CC _ 29 cc _ _ 27 you you PRON PRP Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs 29 nsubj _ _ 28 can can AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 29 aux _ _ 29 burn burn VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 20 conj _ _ 30 on on ADP IN _ 33 case _ _ 31 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 33 det _ _ 32 cloudy cloudy ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 33 amod _ _ 33 day day NOUN NN Number=Sing 29 obl _ _ 34 , , PUNCT , _ 39 punct _ _ 35 because because SCONJ IN _ 39 mark _ _ 36 most most ADJ JJS Degree=Sup 38 amod _ _ 37 ultraviolet ultraviolet ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 38 amod _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=38:compound|HaikuPos=NOUN:NN:Number=Sing 38 rays ray NOUN NNS Number=Plur 39 nsubj _ _ 39 pass pass VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 29 advcl _ _ 40 through through ADP IN _ 42 case _ _ 41 thin thin ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 42 amod _ _ 42 cloud cloud NOUN NN Number=Sing 39 obl _ _ 43 . . PUNCT . _ 5 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=2:punct ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: changed act=assert | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **damage** | present | Ultraviolet rays in sunlight | skin cells | | | | | vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cell=Patient | | 2 | **cause** | present | Ultraviolet rays in sunlight *not said here* | sunburn | | | | | vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition sunburn=Patient | | 3 | **block** | present | sunscreen | much of sunburn | | | | | vn forbid-64.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Causer much=Theme | | 4 | **put on** | must · passive | sunscreen *not said here* | | | | again | | vn invest-13.5.4-1 «NP V PP» | | 5 | **swim** | gerund | sunscreen *not said here* | | | | | | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 6 | **burn** | can | you | | | | day | | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP.location V PP.theme»: agent=Location | | 7 | **pass** | present | most ultraviolet rays | | | thin cloud | | | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme through cloud=Location | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:072-staying-healthy.lesson:14`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×2. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Staying healthy: germs, vaccines, slee…, 13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/72-staying-healthy/13/) - next →: [Staying healthy: germs, vaccines, slee…, 15](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/72-staying-healthy/15/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/72-staying-healthy/)