--- title: A vaccine shows the immune system a harmless copy or piece of a germ… — Staying healthy: germs, vaccines, sleep, food an… · tree and pragmatics description: A vaccine shows the immune system a harmless copy or piece of a germ, and memory cells then destroy the real germ fast; Edward Jenner made the first vaccine with cowpox in 1796, and vaccines helped wipe out smallpox by 1980. Who acts: vaccine, memory cells, Edward, vaccines. A sentence of the lesson --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/72-staying-healthy/6/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Staying healthy: germs, vaccines, slee…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/72-staying-healthy/) / 6 # Staying healthy: germs, vaccines, sleep, food and exercise, sentence 6 A vaccine shows the immune system a harmless copy or piece of a germ, and memory cells then destroy the real germ fast; Edward Jenner made the first vaccine with cowpox in 1796, and vaccines helped wipe out smallpox by 1980. **Who acts:** vaccine, memory cells, Edward, vaccines · **What happens:** show, destroy, make, help, wipe out, copy · **To what, where:** harmless copy, immune system, real germ, first vaccine, 1796, smallpox This is a sentence of the lesson «Staying healthy: germs, vaccines, sleep, food and exercise» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (vaccine, memory cells, Edward, vaccines), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:072-staying-healthy.lesson:6 # text = A vaccine shows the immune system a harmless copy or piece of a germ, and memory cells then destroy the real germ fast; Edward Jenner made the first vaccine with cowpox in 1796, and vaccines helped wipe out smallpox by 1980. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 072-staying-healthy.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R1-cc-next ×1, R5-strong ×2, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2, R8-pos-agree ×1 1 A a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 2 det _ _ 2 vaccine vaccine NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 nsubj _ _ 3 shows show VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 4 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 6 det _ _ 5 immune immune NOUN NN Number=Sing 6 compound _ _ 6 system system NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 iobj _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=3:obj 7 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 9 det _ _ 8 harmless harmless ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 9 amod _ _ 9 copy copy NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 obj _ _ 10 or or CCONJ CC _ 11 cc _ _ 11 piece piece NOUN NN Number=Sing 9 conj _ _ 12 of of ADP IN _ 14 case _ _ 13 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 14 det _ _ 14 germ germ NOUN NN Number=Sing 9 nmod _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=11:nmod 15 , , PUNCT , _ 20 punct _ _ 16 and and CCONJ CC _ 20 cc _ _ 17 memory memory NOUN NN Number=Sing 18 compound _ _ 18 cells cell NOUN NNS Number=Plur 20 nsubj _ _ 19 then then ADV RB PronType=Dem 20 advmod _ _ 20 destroy destroy VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 conj _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=3:conj|HaikuPos=VERB:VB:VerbForm=Inf 21 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 23 det _ _ 22 real real ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 23 amod _ _ 23 germ germ NOUN NN Number=Sing 20 obj _ _ 24 fast fast ADV RB Degree=Pos 20 advmod _ _ 25 ; ; PUNCT : _ 28 punct _ _ 26 Edward Edward PROPN NNP Number=Sing 28 nsubj _ _ 27 Jenner Jenner PROPN NNP Number=Sing 26 flat _ _ 28 made make VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 3 parataxis _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=3:conj 29 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 31 det _ _ 30 first first ADJ JJ Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord 31 amod _ _ 31 vaccine vaccine NOUN NN Number=Sing 28 obj _ _ 32 with with ADP IN _ 33 case _ _ 33 cowpox cowpox NOUN NN Number=Sing 31 nmod _ _ 34 in in ADP IN _ 35 case _ _ 35 1796 1796 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 28 obl _ _ 36 , , PUNCT , _ 39 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=38:punct 37 and and CCONJ CC _ 39 cc _ Agree=R1-cc-next|Haiku=3:cc 38 vaccines vaccine NOUN NNS Number=Plur 39 nsubj _ _ 39 helped help VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 28 conj _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=3:conj 40 wipe wipe VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 39 xcomp _ _ 41 out out ADP RP _ 40 compound:prt _ _ 42 smallpox smallpox NOUN NN Number=Sing 40 obj _ _ 43 by by ADP IN _ 44 case _ _ 44 1980 1980 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 40 obl _ _ 45 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **show** | present | a vaccine | a harmless copy of a germ or piece | the immune system | | | | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent system=Recipient copy=Topic | | 2 | **destroy** | present | memory cells | the real germ | | | then | fast *property* | vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent germ=Patient | | 3 | **make** | past | Edward | the first vaccine | | 1796 | | with cowpox | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent vaccine=Product | | 4 | **help** | past | vaccines | | | | | | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme | | 5 | **wipe out** | infinitive | vaccines *not said here* | smallpox | | | | by 1980 | vn funnel-9.3-1 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent smallpox=Theme by 1980=Trajectory | | 6 | **copy** | | | a germ | | | | | nom copy «communication transitive»: of=patient | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:072-staying-healthy.lesson:6`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R1-cc-next ×1, R5-strong ×2, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Staying healthy: germs, vaccines, slee…, 5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/72-staying-healthy/5/) - next →: [Staying healthy: germs, vaccines, slee…, 7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/72-staying-healthy/7/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/72-staying-healthy/)