--- title: Colds are caused by viruses, most often rhinoviruses; antibiotics do… — Staying healthy: germs, vaccines, sleep, food an… · tree and pragmatics description: Colds are caused by viruses, most often rhinoviruses; antibiotics do nothing against viruses, and going out with wet hair does not give you a cold. Who acts: viruses, antibiotics, going. A sentence of the lesson «Staying healthy: germs, vaccines, sleep, food and exercise» of the biology course of Mo --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/72-staying-healthy/7/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Staying healthy: germs, vaccines, slee…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/72-staying-healthy/) / 7 # Staying healthy: germs, vaccines, sleep, food and exercise, sentence 7 Colds are caused by viruses, most often rhinoviruses; antibiotics do nothing against viruses, and going out with wet hair does not give you a cold. **Who acts:** viruses, antibiotics, going · **What happens:** cause, do, go out, not give · **To what, where:** Colds, nothing, cold, you This is a sentence of the lesson «Staying healthy: germs, vaccines, sleep, food and exercise» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (viruses, antibiotics, going), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:072-staying-healthy.lesson:7 # text = Colds are caused by viruses, most often rhinoviruses; antibiotics do nothing against viruses, and going out with wet hair does not give you a cold. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 072-staying-healthy.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1 1 Colds cold NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 nsubj _ _ 2 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 aux:pass _ _ 3 caused cause VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 0 root _ _ 4 by by ADP IN _ 5 case _ _ 5 viruses virus NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 obl _ _ 6 , , PUNCT , _ 9 punct _ _ 7 most most ADV RBS Degree=Sup 8 advmod _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=9:advmod 8 often often ADV RB _ 9 advmod _ _ 9 rhinoviruses rhinovirus NOUN NNS Number=Plur 5 appos _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=3:obl 10 ; ; PUNCT : _ 12 punct _ _ 11 antibiotics antibiotic NOUN NNS Number=Plur 12 nsubj _ _ 12 do do VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 parataxis _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=3:conj 13 nothing nothing PRON NN Number=Sing|PronType=Neg 12 obj _ _ 14 against against ADP IN _ 15 case _ _ 15 viruses virus NOUN NNS Number=Plur 13 nmod _ _ 16 , , PUNCT , _ 25 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=18:punct 17 and and CCONJ CC _ 25 cc _ _ 18 going go VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 25 csubj _ _ 19 out out ADV RB _ 18 advmod _ _ 20 with with ADP IN _ 22 case _ _ 21 wet wet ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 22 amod _ _ 22 hair hair NOUN NN Number=Sing 18 obl _ _ 23 does do AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 25 aux _ _ 24 not not PART RB Polarity=Neg 25 advmod _ _ 25 give give VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 3 conj _ _ 26 you you PRON PRP Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs 25 iobj _ _ 27 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 28 det _ _ 28 cold cold NOUN NN Number=Sing 25 obj _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=25:obj|HaikuPos=ADJ:JJ:Degree=Pos 29 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: changed polarity=none | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **cause** | present · passive | viruses | Colds | | | | | vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition subject=Patient | | 2 | **do** | present | antibiotics | nothing | | | | against viruses | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent nothing=Eventuality | | 3 | **go out** | gerund | | | | | | with wet hair; out *property* | vn interact-36.6 «NP V PP.co-agent»: agent=Agent with hair=Co-Agent | | 4 | **not** **give** | present · do-support | going | a cold | you | | | | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent you=Recipient cold=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:072-staying-healthy.lesson:7`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Staying healthy: germs, vaccines, slee…, 6](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/72-staying-healthy/6/) - next →: [Staying healthy: germs, vaccines, slee…, 8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/72-staying-healthy/8/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/72-staying-healthy/)