--- title: Polar bears evolved from brown bears within the last few hundred tho… — Evolution simply: why living things change over… · tree and pragmatics description: Polar bears evolved from brown bears within the last few hundred thousand years; their fur is made of clear hairs and their skin is black. Who acts: Polar bears, skin. A sentence of the lesson «Evolution simply: why living things change over many generations» of the biology course of Mova's primary --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/73-evolution-simply/12/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Evolution simply: why living things ch…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/73-evolution-simply/) / 12 # Evolution simply: why living things change over many generations, sentence 12 Polar bears evolved from brown bears within the last few hundred thousand years; their fur is made of clear hairs and their skin is black. **Who acts:** Polar bears, skin · **What happens:** evolve, make, be · **To what, where:** fur This is a sentence of the lesson «Evolution simply: why living things change over many generations» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Polar bears, skin), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:073-evolution-simply.lesson:12 # text = Polar bears evolved from brown bears within the last few hundred thousand years; their fur is made of clear hairs and their skin is black. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 073-evolution-simply.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1 1 Polar polar ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 2 amod _ _ 2 bears bear NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 nsubj _ _ 3 evolved evolve VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 18 parataxis _ _ 4 from from ADP IN _ 6 case _ _ 5 brown brown ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 6 amod _ _ 6 bears bear NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 obl _ _ 7 within within ADP IN _ 13 case _ _ 8 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 13 det _ _ 9 last last ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 13 amod _ _ 10 few few ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 13 amod _ _ 11 hundred hundred NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 12 compound _ _ 12 thousand thousand NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 13 nummod _ _ 13 years year NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 obl _ _ 14 ; ; PUNCT , _ 18 punct _ _ 15 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 16 nmod:poss _ _ 16 fur fur NOUN NN Number=Sing 18 nsubj:pass _ _ 17 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 18 aux:pass _ _ 18 made make VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 0 root _ _ 19 of of ADP IN _ 21 case _ _ 20 clear clear ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 21 amod _ _ 21 hairs hair NOUN NNS Number=Plur 18 obl _ _ 22 and and CCONJ CC _ 26 cc _ _ 23 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 24 nmod:poss _ _ 24 skin skin NOUN NN Number=Sing 26 nsubj _ _ 25 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 26 cop _ _ 26 black black ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 18 conj _ _ 27 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=18:punct ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **evolve** | past | Polar bears | | | | year | from brown bears | vn grow-26.2.1 «NP.product V PP.patient»: agent=Product from bear=Patient | | 2 | **make** | present · passive | | bears's fur | | | | of clear hairs | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product | | 3 | **is** | present | bears's skin | | | | | black *property* | tree rules | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:073-evolution-simply.lesson:12`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Evolution simply: why living things ch…, 11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/73-evolution-simply/11/) - next →: [Evolution simply: why living things ch…, 13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/73-evolution-simply/13/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/73-evolution-simply/)