--- title: Mexican tetra fish trapped in dark caves evolved to lose their eyes… — Evolution simply: why living things change over… · tree and pragmatics description: Mexican tetra fish trapped in dark caves evolved to lose their eyes and colour, because eyes are useless in darkness and cost energy; they feel movements with sensors along their sides. Who acts: eyes. A sentence of the lesson «Evolution simply: why living things change over many generations» of the --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/73-evolution-simply/13/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Evolution simply: why living things ch…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/73-evolution-simply/) / 13 # Evolution simply: why living things change over many generations, sentence 13 Mexican tetra fish trapped in dark caves evolved to lose their eyes and colour, because eyes are useless in darkness and cost energy; they feel movements with sensors along their sides. **Who acts:** eyes · **What happens:** trap, evolve, lose, be, cost, feel · **To what, where:** Mexican tetra fish, dark caves, eyes, darkness, energy, movements This is a sentence of the lesson «Evolution simply: why living things change over many generations» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (eyes), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:073-evolution-simply.lesson:13 # text = Mexican tetra fish trapped in dark caves evolved to lose their eyes and colour, because eyes are useless in darkness and cost energy; they feel movements with sensors along their sides. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 073-evolution-simply.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1 1 Mexican Mexican ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 3 amod _ _ 2 tetra tetra NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 compound _ _ 3 fish fish NOUN NN Number=Sing 0 root _ _ 4 trapped trap VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 3 acl _ _ 5 in in ADP IN _ 7 case _ _ 6 dark dark ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 7 amod _ _ 7 caves cave NOUN NNS Number=Plur 4 obl _ _ 8 evolved evolve VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 7 acl _ _ 9 to to PART TO _ 10 mark _ _ 10 lose lose VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 8 xcomp _ _ 11 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 12 nmod:poss _ _ 12 eyes eye NOUN NNS Number=Plur 10 obj _ _ 13 and and CCONJ CC _ 14 cc _ _ 14 colour colour NOUN NN Number=Sing 12 conj _ _ 15 , , PUNCT , _ 19 punct _ _ 16 because because SCONJ IN _ 19 mark _ _ 17 eyes eye NOUN NNS Number=Plur 19 nsubj _ _ 18 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 19 cop _ _ 19 useless useless ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 8 advcl _ _ 20 in in ADP IN _ 21 case _ _ 21 darkness darkness NOUN NN Number=Sing 19 obl _ _ 22 and and CCONJ CC _ 23 cc _ _ 23 cost cost VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 19 conj _ _ 24 energy energy NOUN NN Number=Sing 23 obj _ _ 25 ; ; PUNCT , _ 27 punct _ _ 26 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 27 nsubj _ _ 27 feel feel VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 8 parataxis _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=8:conj 28 movements movement NOUN NNS Number=Plur 27 obj _ _ 29 with with ADP IN _ 30 case _ _ 30 sensors sensor NOUN NNS Number=Plur 28 nmod _ _ 31 along along ADP IN _ 33 case _ _ 32 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 33 nmod:poss _ _ 33 sides side NOUN NNS Number=Plur 30 nmod _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=28:nmod 34 . . PUNCT . _ 8 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=3:punct ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **trap** | participle | | Mexican tetra fish *not said here* | | dark caves | | | vn pocket-9.10 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent in cave=Destination | | 2 | **evolve** | participle | | dark caves *not said here* | | | | | tree rules | | 3 | **lose** | to-infinitive | | caves's eyes and colour | | | | | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent eye=Eventuality | | 4 | **is** | present | eyes | | | darkness | | useless *property* | tree rules | | 5 | **cost** | present | eyes *not said here* | energy | | | | | vn cost-54.2 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme energy=Value | | 6 | **feel** | present | eyes *= eye* | movements | | | | with sensors along eyes's sides | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent movement=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:073-evolution-simply.lesson:13`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Evolution simply: why living things ch…, 12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/73-evolution-simply/12/) - next →: [Evolution simply: why living things ch…, 14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/73-evolution-simply/14/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/73-evolution-simply/)