---
title: Broccoli, cabbage, cauliflower, kale, Brussels sprouts and kohlrabi… — Evolution simply: why living things change over… · tree and pragmatics
description: Broccoli, cabbage, cauliflower, kale, Brussels sprouts and kohlrabi are all one species, bred by farmers from wild cabbage that grows on European coastal cliffs. Who acts: Broccoli cabbage, wild cabbage. A sentence of the lesson «Evolution simply: why living things change over many generations» of t
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/73-evolution-simply/15/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Evolution simply: why living things ch…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/73-evolution-simply/) / 15

# Evolution simply: why living things change over many generations, sentence 15

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Broccoli, cabbage, cauliflower, kale, Brussels sprouts and kohlrabi are all one species, bred by farmers from wild cabbage that grows on European coastal cliffs.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Broccoli cabbage, wild cabbage · **What happens:** be, breed, grow · **To what, where:** one species, European coastal cliffs

<!-- .vabout -->
This is a sentence of the lesson «Evolution simply: why living things change over many generations» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Broccoli cabbage, wild cabbage), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:biology:073-evolution-simply.lesson:15
# text = Broccoli, cabbage, cauliflower, kale, Brussels sprouts and kohlrabi are all one species, bred by farmers from wild cabbage that grows on European coastal cliffs.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = biology
# lesson = 073-evolution-simply.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1
1	Broccoli	broccoli	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
3	cabbage	cabbage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nsubj	_	_
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	cauliflower	cauliflower	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
7	kale	kale	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
9	Brussels	Brussels	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
10	sprouts	sprout	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	conj	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	kohlrabi	kohlrabi	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	conj	_	_
13	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	16	cop	_	_
14	all	all	ADV	RB	_	16	advmod	_	_
15	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	16	nummod	_	_
16	species	species	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
18	bred	breed	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	16	acl	_	_
19	by	by	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
20	farmers	farmer	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	obl:agent	_	_
21	from	from	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
22	wild	wild	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	23	amod	_	_
23	cabbage	cabbage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	nmod	_	Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=18:obl
24	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	25	nsubj	_	_
25	grows	grow	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	23	acl:relcl	_	_
26	on	on	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
27	European	European	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	29	amod	_	_
28	coastal	coastal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	29	amod	_	_
29	cliffs	cliff	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	25	obl	_	_
30	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	16	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .note -->
No stored speech act for this sentence.

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Broccoli cabbage and cauliflower and kale and Brussels sprouts and kohlrabi | one species |  |  |  | all *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **breed** | participle |  | one species *not said here* |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **grow** | present | wild cabbage |  |  | European coastal cliffs |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on cliff=Location |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- div src -->

**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:073-evolution-simply.lesson:15`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [Evolution simply: why living things ch…, 14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/73-evolution-simply/14/)
- next →: [Fossils: how we know about life long ago, 0](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/74-fossils-life-long-ago/0/)
- ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/73-evolution-simply/)