--- title: Babies get a mix of genes from both parents, and small new changes s… — Evolution simply: why living things change over… · tree and pragmatics description: Babies get a mix of genes from both parents, and small new changes sometimes appear, so brothers and sisters differ; these differences are the raw material of evolution. Who acts: Babies, small new changes, brothers, differences. A sentence of the lesson «Evolution simply: why living things change o --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/73-evolution-simply/4/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Evolution simply: why living things ch…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/73-evolution-simply/) / 4 # Evolution simply: why living things change over many generations, sentence 4 Babies get a mix of genes from both parents, and small new changes sometimes appear, so brothers and sisters differ; these differences are the raw material of evolution. **Who acts:** Babies, small new changes, brothers, differences · **What happens:** get, appear, differ, be · **To what, where:** mix, raw material This is a sentence of the lesson «Evolution simply: why living things change over many generations» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Babies, small new changes, brothers, differences), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:073-evolution-simply.lesson:4 # text = Babies get a mix of genes from both parents, and small new changes sometimes appear, so brothers and sisters differ; these differences are the raw material of evolution. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 073-evolution-simply.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R8-pos-agree ×1 1 Babies baby NOUN NNS Number=Plur 2 nsubj _ _ 2 get get VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=0:root|HaikuPos=VERB:VB:VerbForm=Inf 3 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 4 det _ _ 4 mix mix NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 obj _ _ 5 of of ADP IN _ 6 case _ _ 6 genes gene NOUN NNS Number=Plur 4 nmod _ _ 7 from from ADP IN _ 9 case _ _ 8 both both DET DT PronType=Tot 9 det _ _ 9 parents parent NOUN NNS Number=Plur 6 nmod _ _ 10 , , PUNCT , _ 16 punct _ _ 11 and and CCONJ CC _ 16 cc _ _ 12 small small ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 14 amod _ _ 13 new new ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 14 amod _ _ 14 changes change NOUN NNS Number=Plur 16 nsubj _ _ 15 sometimes sometimes ADV RB PronType=Ind 16 advmod _ _ 16 appear appear VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 2 conj _ _ 17 , , PUNCT , _ 22 punct _ _ 18 so so ADV RB _ 22 advmod _ _ 19 brothers brother NOUN NNS Number=Plur 22 nsubj _ _ 20 and and CCONJ CC _ 21 cc _ _ 21 sisters sister NOUN NNS Number=Plur 19 conj _ _ 22 differ differ VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 16 parataxis _ _ 23 ; ; PUNCT : _ 29 punct _ _ 24 these this DET DT Number=Plur|PronType=Dem 25 det _ _ 25 differences difference NOUN NNS Number=Plur 29 nsubj _ _ 26 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 29 cop _ _ 27 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 29 det _ _ 28 raw raw ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 29 amod _ _ 29 material material NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 parataxis _ _ 30 of of ADP IN _ 31 case _ _ 31 evolution evolution NOUN NN Number=Sing 29 nmod _ _ 32 . . PUNCT . _ 2 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **get** | present | Babies | a mix of genes from both parents | | | | | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer mix=Stimulus | | 2 | **appear** | present | small new changes | | | | | sometimes *property* | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 3 | **differ** | present | brothers and sisters | | | | | | vn correspond-36.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 4 | **is a** | present | this differences | the raw material | | | | of evolution | tree rules | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:073-evolution-simply.lesson:4`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Evolution simply: why living things ch…, 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/73-evolution-simply/2/) - next →: [Evolution simply: why living things ch…, 5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/73-evolution-simply/5/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/73-evolution-simply/)