--- title: In England in the 1800s soot blackened tree trunks, birds ate more p… — Evolution simply: why living things change over… · tree and pragmatics description: In England in the 1800s soot blackened tree trunks, birds ate more pale peppered moths, and dark moths became common; after clean air laws in the 1950s and 1960s pale moths became common again. Who acts: soot, birds, dark moths, pale moths. A sentence of the lesson «Evolution simply: why living thin --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/73-evolution-simply/5/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Evolution simply: why living things ch…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/73-evolution-simply/) / 5 # Evolution simply: why living things change over many generations, sentence 5 In England in the 1800s soot blackened tree trunks, birds ate more pale peppered moths, and dark moths became common; after clean air laws in the 1950s and 1960s pale moths became common again. **Who acts:** soot, birds, dark moths, pale moths · **What happens:** blacken, eat, pepper, become · **To what, where:** tree trunks, England, pale peppered moths This is a sentence of the lesson «Evolution simply: why living things change over many generations» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (soot, birds, dark moths, pale moths), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:073-evolution-simply.lesson:5 # text = In England in the 1800s soot blackened tree trunks, birds ate more pale peppered moths, and dark moths became common; after clean air laws in the 1950s and 1960s pale moths became common again. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 073-evolution-simply.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R2-punct-next ×1, R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1 1 In in ADP IN _ 2 case _ _ 2 England England PROPN NNP Number=Sing 7 obl _ _ 3 in in ADP IN _ 5 case _ _ 4 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 5 det _ _ 5 1800s 1800 NOUN NNS Number=Ptan|NumForm=Combi|NumType=Card 7 obl _ _ 6 soot soot NOUN NN Number=Sing 7 nsubj _ _ 7 blackened blacken VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 8 tree tree NOUN NN Number=Sing 9 compound _ _ 9 trunks trunk NOUN NNS Number=Plur 7 obj _ _ 10 , , PUNCT , _ 12 punct _ Agree=R2-punct-next|Haiku=7:punct 11 birds bird NOUN NNS Number=Plur 12 nsubj _ _ 12 ate eat VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 7 conj _ _ 13 more more ADJ JJR Degree=Cmp 14 amod _ _ 14 pale pale NOUN NN Number=Sing 16 compound _ _ 15 peppered pepper VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 16 amod _ _ 16 moths moth NOUN NNS Number=Plur 12 obj _ _ 17 , , PUNCT , _ 21 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=20:punct 18 and and CCONJ CC _ 20 cc _ _ 19 dark dark ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 20 amod _ _ 20 moths moth NOUN NNS Number=Plur 21 nsubj _ _ 21 became become VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 12 conj _ _ 22 common common ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 21 xcomp _ _ 23 ; ; PUNCT , _ 35 punct _ _ 24 after after ADP IN _ 27 case _ _ 25 clean clean ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 27 amod _ _ 26 air air NOUN NN Number=Sing 27 compound _ _ 27 laws law NOUN NNS Number=Plur 35 obl _ _ 28 in in ADP IN _ 30 case _ _ 29 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 30 det _ _ 30 1950s 1950 NOUN NNS Number=Ptan|NumForm=Combi|NumType=Card 27 nmod _ _ 31 and and CCONJ CC _ 32 cc _ _ 32 1960s 1960s NOUN NNS Number=Ptan|NumForm=Combi|NumType=Card 30 conj _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=27:conj 33 pale pale ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 34 amod _ _ 34 moths moth NOUN NNS Number=Plur 35 nsubj _ _ 35 became become VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 7 conj _ _ 36 common common ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 35 xcomp _ _ 37 again again ADV RB _ 35 advmod _ _ 38 . . PUNCT . _ 7 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: changed form=decl | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **blacken** | past | soot | tree trunks | | England | | in the 1800s | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent trunk=Patient | | 2 | **eat** | past | birds | pale peppered moths | | | | | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent moth=Patient | | 3 | **pepper** | participle | | | | | | | vn butter-9.9 «NP V NP.destination»: agent=Agent | | 4 | **become** | past | dark moths | | | | | common *property* | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient | | 5 | **become** | past | pale moths | | | | after clean air laws in the 1950s and 1960s; again | common *property* | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:073-evolution-simply.lesson:5`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R2-punct-next ×1, R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Evolution simply: why living things ch…, 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/73-evolution-simply/4/) - next →: [Evolution simply: why living things ch…, 6](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/73-evolution-simply/6/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/73-evolution-simply/)