--- title: A fossil is a message from a world nobody saw: the remains or traces… — Fossils: how we know about life long ago · tree and pragmatics description: A fossil is a message from a world nobody saw: the remains or traces of a living thing kept in rock, ice or amber for thousands or millions of years. Who acts: fossil, nobody. A sentence of the lesson «Fossils: how we know about life long ago» of the biology course of Mova's primary school with its --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/74-fossils-life-long-ago/0/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Fossils: how we know about life long ago](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/74-fossils-life-long-ago/) / 0 # Fossils: how we know about life long ago, sentence 0 A fossil is a message from a world nobody saw: the remains or traces of a living thing kept in rock, ice or amber for thousands or millions of years. **Who acts:** fossil, nobody · **What happens:** be, see, live, keep · **To what, where:** message, world, living thing, rock This is a sentence of the lesson «Fossils: how we know about life long ago» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (fossil, nobody), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:074-fossils-life-long-ago.lesson:0 # text = A fossil is a message from a world nobody saw: the remains or traces of a living thing kept in rock, ice or amber for thousands or millions of years. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 074-fossils-life-long-ago.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×1, R5-strong ×2 1 A a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 2 det _ _ 2 fossil fossil NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 nsubj _ _ 3 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 5 cop _ _ 4 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 5 det _ _ 5 message message NOUN NN Number=Sing 0 root _ _ 6 from from ADP IN _ 8 case _ _ 7 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 8 det _ _ 8 world world NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 nmod _ _ 9 nobody nobody PRON NN Number=Sing|PronType=Neg 10 nsubj _ _ 10 saw see VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 8 acl:relcl _ _ 11 : : PUNCT : _ 13 punct _ _ 12 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 13 det _ _ 13 remains remains NOUN NNS Number=Ptan 5 appos _ _ 14 or or CCONJ CC _ 15 cc _ _ 15 traces trace NOUN NNS Number=Plur 13 conj _ _ 16 of of ADP IN _ 19 case _ _ 17 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 19 det _ _ 18 living live VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 19 amod _ _ 19 thing thing NOUN NN Number=Sing 15 nmod _ _ 20 kept keep VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 19 acl _ _ 21 in in ADP IN _ 22 case _ _ 22 rock rock NOUN NN Number=Sing 20 obl _ _ 23 , , PUNCT , _ 24 punct _ _ 24 ice ice NOUN NN Number=Sing 22 conj _ _ 25 or or CCONJ CC _ 26 cc _ _ 26 amber amber NOUN NN Number=Sing 22 conj _ Agree=R3-conj-first|Haiku=24:conj 27 for for ADP IN _ 28 case _ _ 28 thousands thousand NOUN NNS Number=Plur 20 obl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=24:nmod 29 or or CCONJ CC _ 30 cc _ _ 30 millions million NOUN NNS Number=Plur 28 conj _ _ 31 of of ADP IN _ 32 case _ _ 32 years year NOUN NNS Number=Plur 28 nmod _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=30:nmod 33 . . PUNCT . _ 5 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is a** | present | a fossil | a message | | a world | | | tree rules | | 2 | **see** | past | nobody | a world *not said here* | | | | | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer world=Stimulus | | 3 | **live** | gerund | | | | | | | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 4 | **keep** | participle | | a living thing *not said here* | | rock and ice or amber | | for thousands of years or millions | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent in rock=Location | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:074-fossils-life-long-ago.lesson:0`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×1, R5-strong ×2. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Evolution simply: why living things ch…, 15](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/73-evolution-simply/15/) - next →: [Fossils: how we know about life long ago, 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/74-fossils-life-long-ago/1/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/74-fossils-life-long-ago/)