--- title: Most fossils form when an animal is buried fast in mud; over ages th… — Fossils: how we know about life long ago · tree and pragmatics description: Most fossils form when an animal is buried fast in mud; over ages the mud becomes rock and minerals slowly replace the bone or shell, leaving a stone copy like the spiral ammonite you might find on the beach at Lyme Regis. Who acts: Most fossils, mud, minerals, you. A sentence of the lesson «Fossils --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/74-fossils-life-long-ago/1/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Fossils: how we know about life long ago](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/74-fossils-life-long-ago/) / 1 # Fossils: how we know about life long ago, sentence 1 Most fossils form when an animal is buried fast in mud; over ages the mud becomes rock and minerals slowly replace the bone or shell, leaving a stone copy like the spiral ammonite you might find on the beach at Lyme Regis. **Who acts:** Most fossils, mud, minerals, you · **What happens:** form, bury, become, replace, leave, find · **To what, where:** animal, mud, ages, bone, stone copy, spiral ammonite This is a sentence of the lesson «Fossils: how we know about life long ago» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Most fossils, mud, minerals, you), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:074-fossils-life-long-ago.lesson:1 # text = Most fossils form when an animal is buried fast in mud; over ages the mud becomes rock and minerals slowly replace the bone or shell, leaving a stone copy like the spiral ammonite you might find on the beach at Lyme Regis. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 074-fossils-life-long-ago.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2, R8-pos-agree ×1 1 Most most ADJ JJS Degree=Sup 2 amod _ _ 2 fossils fossil NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 nsubj _ _ 3 form form VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 4 when when ADV WRB PronType=Int 8 advmod _ _ 5 an a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 6 det _ _ 6 animal animal NOUN NN Number=Sing 8 nsubj:pass _ _ 7 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 8 aux:pass _ _ 8 buried bury VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 3 advcl _ _ 9 fast fast ADV RB Degree=Pos 8 advmod _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=8:xcomp|HaikuPos=ADJ:JJ:Degree=Pos 10 in in ADP IN _ 11 case _ _ 11 mud mud NOUN NN Number=Sing 8 obl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=9:obl 12 ; ; PUNCT , _ 13 punct _ _ 13 over over ADV RB _ 8 advmod _ _ 14 ages ages NOUN NNS Number=Plur 17 obl:unmarked _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=13:obl:unmarked 15 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 16 det _ _ 16 mud mud NOUN NN Number=Sing 17 nsubj _ _ 17 becomes become VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 8 advcl _ _ 18 rock rock NOUN NN Number=Sing 17 xcomp _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=17:obj 19 and and CCONJ CC _ 22 cc _ _ 20 minerals mineral NOUN NNS Number=Plur 22 nsubj _ _ 21 slowly slowly ADV RB _ 22 advmod _ _ 22 replace replace VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 8 conj _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=8:conj|HaikuPos=VERB:VB:VerbForm=Inf 23 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 24 det _ _ 24 bone bone NOUN NN Number=Sing 22 obj _ _ 25 or or CCONJ CC _ 26 cc _ _ 26 shell shell NOUN NN Number=Sing 24 conj _ _ 27 , , PUNCT , _ 28 punct _ _ 28 leaving leave VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 22 advcl _ _ 29 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 31 det _ _ 30 stone stone NOUN NN Number=Sing 31 compound _ _ 31 copy copy NOUN NN Number=Sing 28 obj _ _ 32 like like ADP IN _ 35 case _ _ 33 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 35 det _ _ 34 spiral spiral ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 35 amod _ _ 35 ammonite ammonite NOUN NN Number=Sing 28 obl _ _ 36 you you PRON PRP Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs 38 nsubj _ _ 37 might might AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 38 aux _ _ 38 find find VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 35 acl:relcl _ _ 39 on on ADP IN _ 41 case _ _ 40 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 41 det _ _ 41 beach beach NOUN NN Number=Sing 38 obl _ _ 42 at at ADP IN _ 43 case _ _ 43 Lyme Lyme PROPN NNP Number=Sing 41 nmod _ _ 44 Regis Regis PROPN NNP Number=Sing 43 flat _ _ 45 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=8:punct ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **form** | present | Most fossils | | | | | | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 2 | **bury** | present · passive | | a animal | | mud | | fast, over *property* | vn put-9.1-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: subject=Theme in mud=Destination | | 3 | **become** | present | the mud | ages | | | | | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient | | 4 | **replace** | present | minerals | the bone or shell | | | | slowly *property* | vn substitute-13.6.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme bone=Co-Theme | | 5 | **leave** | gerund | minerals *not said here* | a stone copy | | | | like the spiral ammonite | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent copy=Theme | | 6 | **find** | might | you | the spiral ammonite *not said here* | | the beach at Lyme | | | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ammonite=Topic | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:074-fossils-life-long-ago.lesson:1`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Fossils: how we know about life long ago, 0](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/74-fossils-life-long-ago/0/) - next →: [Fossils: how we know about life long ago, 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/74-fossils-life-long-ago/2/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/74-fossils-life-long-ago/)