--- title: Fossils are not only bones: footprints, burrows, tooth marks and eve… — Fossils: how we know about life long ago · tree and pragmatics description: Fossils are not only bones: footprints, burrows, tooth marks and even fossil poo tell scientists how animals walked, what they ate and who bit whom. Who acts: Fossils, footprints, animals. A sentence of the lesson «Fossils: how we know about life long ago» of the biology course of Mova's primary sch --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/74-fossils-life-long-ago/2/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Fossils: how we know about life long ago](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/74-fossils-life-long-ago/) / 2 # Fossils: how we know about life long ago, sentence 2 Fossils are not only bones: footprints, burrows, tooth marks and even fossil poo tell scientists how animals walked, what they ate and who bit whom. **Who acts:** Fossils, footprints, animals · **What happens:** not be, tell, walk, eat, bit · **To what, where:** bones, scientists · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «Fossils: how we know about life long ago» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Fossils, footprints, animals), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:074-fossils-life-long-ago.lesson:2 # text = Fossils are not only bones: footprints, burrows, tooth marks and even fossil poo tell scientists how animals walked, what they ate and who bit whom. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 074-fossils-life-long-ago.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R1-cc-next ×2 1 Fossils fossil NOUN NNS Number=Plur 5 nsubj _ _ 2 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 5 cop _ _ 3 not not PART RB Polarity=Neg 5 advmod _ _ 4 only only ADV RB _ 5 advmod _ _ 5 bones bone NOUN NNS Number=Plur 0 root _ _ 6 : : PUNCT : _ 7 punct _ _ 7 footprints footprint NOUN NNS Number=Plur 17 nsubj _ _ 8 , , PUNCT , _ 9 punct _ _ 9 burrows burrow NOUN NNS Number=Plur 7 conj _ _ 10 , , PUNCT , _ 12 punct _ _ 11 tooth tooth NOUN NN Number=Sing 12 compound _ _ 12 marks mark NOUN NNS Number=Plur 7 conj _ _ 13 and and CCONJ CC _ 16 cc _ Agree=R1-cc-next|Haiku=7:cc 14 even even ADV RB _ 16 advmod _ _ 15 fossil fossil NOUN NN Number=Sing 16 compound _ _ 16 poo poo NOUN NN Number=Sing 7 conj _ _ 17 tell tell VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 5 parataxis _ _ 18 scientists scientist NOUN NNS Number=Plur 17 obj _ _ 19 how how ADV WRB PronType=Int 21 advmod _ _ 20 animals animal NOUN NNS Number=Plur 21 nsubj _ _ 21 walked walk VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 17 ccomp _ _ 22 , , PUNCT , _ 23 punct _ _ 23 what what PRON WP PronType=Int 25 obj _ _ 24 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 25 nsubj _ _ 25 ate eat VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 21 conj _ _ 26 and and CCONJ CC _ 28 cc _ Agree=R1-cc-next|Haiku=25:cc 27 who who PRON WP PronType=Rel 28 nsubj _ _ 28 bit bit VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 25 conj _ _ 29 whom whom PRON WP PronType=Rel 28 obj _ _ 30 . . PUNCT . _ 5 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **not** **is a** | present | Fossils | bones | | | | | tree rules | | 2 | **tell** *speech: assert* | present | footprints and burrows and tooth marks and fossil poo | scientists | | | | | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP what S»: agent=Agent scientist=Recipient clause=Topic | | 3 | **walk** | past | animals | | | | | | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 4 | **eat** | past | footprints *= footprint* | | | | | | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent what=Patient | | 5 | **bit** | past | | | | | | | tree rules | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:074-fossils-life-long-ago.lesson:2`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R1-cc-next ×2. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Fossils: how we know about life long ago, 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/74-fossils-life-long-ago/1/) - next →: [Fossils: how we know about life long ago, 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/74-fossils-life-long-ago/3/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/74-fossils-life-long-ago/)