--- title: In films dinosaurs are cloned from blood in amber mosquitoes, and in… — Fossils: how we know about life long ago · tree and pragmatics description: In films dinosaurs are cloned from blood in amber mosquitoes, and in cartoons cavemen ride dinosaurs; real fossils say no to both, because DNA breaks down far too fast and tens of millions of years separate dinosaurs from people. Who acts: cavemen, real fossils, DNA, tens. A sentence of the lesson « --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/74-fossils-life-long-ago/3/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Fossils: how we know about life long ago](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/74-fossils-life-long-ago/) / 3 # Fossils: how we know about life long ago, sentence 3 In films dinosaurs are cloned from blood in amber mosquitoes, and in cartoons cavemen ride dinosaurs; real fossils say no to both, because DNA breaks down far too fast and tens of millions of years separate dinosaurs from people. **Who acts:** cavemen, real fossils, DNA, tens · **What happens:** clone, ride, say, break down, separate · **To what, where:** dinosaurs, films, cartoons, both · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «Fossils: how we know about life long ago» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (cavemen, real fossils, DNA, tens), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:074-fossils-life-long-ago.lesson:3 # text = In films dinosaurs are cloned from blood in amber mosquitoes, and in cartoons cavemen ride dinosaurs; real fossils say no to both, because DNA breaks down far too fast and tens of millions of years separate dinosaurs from people. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 074-fossils-life-long-ago.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2 1 In in ADP IN _ 2 case _ _ 2 films film NOUN NNS Number=Plur 5 obl _ _ 3 dinosaurs dinosaur NOUN NNS Number=Plur 5 nsubj _ _ 4 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 5 aux:pass _ _ 5 cloned clone VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 0 root _ _ 6 from from ADP IN _ 7 case _ _ 7 blood blood NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 obl _ _ 8 in in ADP IN _ 10 case _ _ 9 amber amber NOUN NN Number=Sing 10 compound _ _ 10 mosquitoes mosquito NOUN NNS Number=Plur 5 obl _ _ 11 , , PUNCT , _ 16 punct _ _ 12 and and CCONJ CC _ 16 cc _ _ 13 in in ADP IN _ 14 case _ _ 14 cartoons cartoon NOUN NNS Number=Plur 16 obl _ _ 15 cavemen caveman NOUN NNS Number=Plur 16 nsubj _ _ 16 ride ride VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 5 conj _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=5:parataxis 17 dinosaurs dinosaur NOUN NNS Number=Plur 16 obj _ _ 18 ; ; PUNCT : _ 21 punct _ _ 19 real real ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 20 amod _ _ 20 fossils fossil NOUN NNS Number=Plur 21 nsubj _ _ 21 say say VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 16 conj _ _ 22 no no INTJ UH Polarity=Neg 21 ccomp _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=21:obj|HaikuPos=DET:DT:PronType=Neg 23 to to ADP IN _ 24 case _ _ 24 both both DET DT PronType=Tot 21 obl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=22:nmod 25 , , PUNCT , _ 28 punct _ _ 26 because because SCONJ IN _ 28 mark _ _ 27 DNA DNA NOUN NN Number=Sing 28 nsubj _ _ 28 breaks break VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 21 advcl _ _ 29 down down ADP RP _ 28 compound:prt _ _ 30 far far ADV RB Degree=Pos 32 advmod _ _ 31 too too ADV RB _ 32 advmod _ _ 32 fast fast ADV RB Degree=Pos 28 advmod _ _ 33 and and CCONJ CC _ 39 cc _ _ 34 tens ten NOUN NNS Number=Plur 39 nsubj _ _ 35 of of ADP IN _ 36 case _ _ 36 millions million NOUN NNS Number=Plur 34 nmod _ _ 37 of of ADP IN _ 38 case _ _ 38 years year NOUN NNS Number=Plur 36 nmod _ _ 39 separate separate VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 28 conj _ _ 40 dinosaurs dinosaur NOUN NNS Number=Plur 39 obj _ _ 41 from from ADP IN _ 42 case _ _ 42 people people NOUN NNS Number=Plur 39 obl _ _ 43 . . PUNCT . _ 5 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **clone** | present · passive | | dinosaurs | | films | | from blood; in amber mosquitoes | tree rules | | 2 | **ride** | present | cavemen | dinosaurs | | cartoons | | | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent dinosaur=Theme | | 3 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | real fossils | | both | | | | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V PP.recipient S-Quote»: agent=Agent to both=Recipient | | 4 | **break down** | present | DNA | | | | | fast *property* | vn break-45.1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | | 5 | **separate** | present | tens of millions of years | dinosaurs | | | | from people | vn separate-23.1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.co-patient»: agent=Agent dinosaur=Patient from people=Co-Patient | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:074-fossils-life-long-ago.lesson:3`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Fossils: how we know about life long ago, 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/74-fossils-life-long-ago/2/) - next →: [Fossils: how we know about life long ago, 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/74-fossils-life-long-ago/4/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/74-fossils-life-long-ago/)