--- title: Amber is fossilised tree resin that can trap small insects; dinosaur… — Fossils: how we know about life long ago · tree and pragmatics description: Amber is fossilised tree resin that can trap small insects; dinosaurs cannot be cloned from amber insects because DNA breaks down far too fast to last 66 million years. Who acts: Amber, fossilised tree resin, DNA. A sentence of the lesson «Fossils: how we know about life long ago» of the biology cou --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/74-fossils-life-long-ago/8/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Fossils: how we know about life long ago](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/74-fossils-life-long-ago/) / 8 # Fossils: how we know about life long ago, sentence 8 Amber is fossilised tree resin that can trap small insects; dinosaurs cannot be cloned from amber insects because DNA breaks down far too fast to last 66 million years. **Who acts:** Amber, fossilised tree resin, DNA · **What happens:** fossilise, be, trap, not clone, break down, last · **To what, where:** fossilised tree resin, small insects, dinosaurs This is a sentence of the lesson «Fossils: how we know about life long ago» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Amber, fossilised tree resin, DNA), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:074-fossils-life-long-ago.lesson:8 # text = Amber is fossilised tree resin that can trap small insects; dinosaurs cannot be cloned from amber insects because DNA breaks down far too fast to last 66 million years. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 074-fossils-life-long-ago.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change 1 Amber amber NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 nsubj _ _ 2 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 5 cop _ _ 3 fossilised fossilise VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 5 amod _ _ 4 tree tree NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 compound _ _ 5 resin resin NOUN NN Number=Sing 0 root _ _ 6 that that PRON WDT PronType=Rel 8 nsubj _ _ 7 can can AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 8 aux _ _ 8 trap trap VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 5 acl:relcl _ _ 9 small small ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 10 amod _ _ 10 insects insect NOUN NNS Number=Plur 8 obj _ _ 11 ; ; PUNCT , _ 16 punct _ _ 12 dinosaurs dinosaur NOUN NNS Number=Plur 16 nsubj:pass _ _ 13 can can AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 16 aux _ _ 14 not not PART RB Polarity=Neg 16 advmod _ _ 15 be be AUX VB VerbForm=Inf 16 aux:pass _ _ 16 cloned clone VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 5 parataxis _ _ 17 from from ADP IN _ 19 case _ _ 18 amber amber NOUN NN Number=Sing 19 compound _ _ 19 insects insect NOUN NNS Number=Plur 16 obl _ _ 20 because because SCONJ IN ExtPos=ADP 22 mark _ _ 21 DNA DNA NOUN NN Number=Sing 22 nsubj _ _ 22 breaks break VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 16 advcl _ _ 23 down down ADV RB _ 22 advmod _ _ 24 far far ADV RB Degree=Pos 26 advmod _ _ 25 too too ADV RB _ 26 advmod _ _ 26 fast fast ADV RB Degree=Pos 22 advmod _ _ 27 to to PART TO _ 28 mark _ _ 28 last last VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 26 xcomp _ _ 29 66 66 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 30 compound _ _ 30 million million NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 31 nummod _ _ 31 years year NOUN NNS Number=Plur 28 obj _ _ 32 . . PUNCT . _ 5 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **fossilise** | participle | | | | | | | tree rules | | 2 | **is a** | present | Amber | fossilised tree resin | | | | | tree rules | | 3 | **trap** | can | fossilised tree resin | small insects | | | | | vn trick-59.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent insect=Patient | | 4 | **not** **clone** | can · passive | | dinosaurs | | | | from amber insects | tree rules | | 5 | **break down** | present | DNA | | | | | down, fast *property* | vn break-45.1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | | 6 | **last** | to-infinitive | DNA *not said here* | | | | year | | vn cost-54.2 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:074-fossils-life-long-ago.lesson:8`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Fossils: how we know about life long ago, 7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/74-fossils-life-long-ago/7/) - next →: [Fossils: how we know about life long ago, 9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/74-fossils-life-long-ago/9/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/74-fossils-life-long-ago/)