--- title: Spinosaurus lived in North Africa about 95 million years ago with a… — Dinosaurs: kinds, sizes and how they lived · tree and pragmatics description: Spinosaurus lived in North Africa about 95 million years ago with a back sail and a crocodile-like snout for fish; scientists still argue how well it swam, and it never met T. rex. Who acts: Spinosaurus, scientists, snout. A sentence of the lesson «Dinosaurs: kinds, sizes and how they lived» of the --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/75-dinosaurs-kinds-sizes-and-lives/14/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Dinosaurs: kinds, sizes and how they l…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/75-dinosaurs-kinds-sizes-and-lives/) / 14 # Dinosaurs: kinds, sizes and how they lived, sentence 14 Spinosaurus lived in North Africa about 95 million years ago with a back sail and a crocodile-like snout for fish; scientists still argue how well it swam, and it never met T. rex. **Who acts:** Spinosaurus, scientists, snout · **What happens:** live, argue, swim, not meet · **To what, where:** North Africa, T. · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «Dinosaurs: kinds, sizes and how they lived» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Spinosaurus, scientists, snout), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:075-dinosaurs-kinds-sizes-and-lives.lesson:14 # text = Spinosaurus lived in North Africa about 95 million years ago with a back sail and a crocodile-like snout for fish; scientists still argue how well it swam, and it never met T. rex. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 075-dinosaurs-kinds-sizes-and-lives.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1 1 Spinosaurus Spinosaurus PROPN NNP Number=Sing 2 nsubj _ _ 2 lived live VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 3 in in ADP IN _ 5 case _ _ 4 North North PROPN NNP Number=Sing 5 compound _ _ 5 Africa Africa PROPN NNP Number=Sing 2 obl _ _ 6 about about ADV RB _ 8 advmod _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=7:advmod 7 95 95 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 8 compound _ _ 8 million million NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 9 nummod _ _ 9 years year NOUN NNS Number=Plur 10 obl:unmarked _ _ 10 ago ago ADV RB _ 2 advmod _ _ 11 with with ADP IN _ 14 case _ _ 12 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 14 det _ _ 13 back back NOUN NN Number=Sing 14 compound _ _ 14 sail sail NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 obl _ _ 15 and and CCONJ CC _ 20 cc _ _ 16 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 20 det _ _ 17 crocodile crocodile NOUN NN Number=Sing 19 compound _ _ 18 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 17 punct _ _ 19 like like ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 20 amod _ _ 20 snout snout NOUN NN Number=Sing 14 conj _ _ 21 for for ADP IN _ 22 case _ _ 22 fish fish NOUN NNS Number=Plur 20 nmod _ _ 23 ; ; PUNCT : _ 26 punct _ _ 24 scientists scientist NOUN NNS Number=Plur 26 nsubj _ _ 25 still still ADV RB _ 26 advmod _ _ 26 argue argue VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 2 parataxis _ _ 27 how how ADV WRB PronType=Int 28 advmod _ _ 28 well well ADV RB Degree=Pos 30 advmod _ _ 29 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 30 nsubj _ _ 30 swam swim VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 26 ccomp _ _ 31 , , PUNCT , _ 35 punct _ _ 32 and and CCONJ CC _ 35 cc _ _ 33 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 35 nsubj _ _ 34 never never ADV RB PronType=Neg 35 advmod _ _ 35 met meet VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 30 conj _ _ 36 T. t. PROPN NNP Number=Sing 35 obj _ _ 37 rex rex PROPN NNP Number=Sing 36 flat _ _ 38 . . PUNCT . _ 2 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - polarity: pos - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **live** | past | Spinosaurus | | | North Africa | | with a back sail and a like snout for fish; ago *property* | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in africa=Location | | 2 | **argue** *speech: disagree* | present | scientists | | | | still | | vn correspond-36.1-1 «NP V what S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | | 3 | **swim** | past | snout | | | | | well *property* | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 4 | **not** **meet** | past | snout | T. | | | | | vn meet-36.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent t.=Co-Agent | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:075-dinosaurs-kinds-sizes-and-lives.lesson:14`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Dinosaurs: kinds, sizes and how they l…, 13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/75-dinosaurs-kinds-sizes-and-lives/13/) - next →: [Dinosaurs: kinds, sizes and how they l…, 15](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/75-dinosaurs-kinds-sizes-and-lives/15/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/75-dinosaurs-kinds-sizes-and-lives/)