--- title: Plant-eaters were not helpless: Stegosaurus had tail spikes, Tricera… — Dinosaurs: kinds, sizes and how they lived · tree and pragmatics description: Plant-eaters were not helpless: Stegosaurus had tail spikes, Triceratops horns and a frill, and Ankylosaurus armour down to its eyelids and a club that could break a leg bone. Who acts: Plant eaters, Stegosaurus, club. A sentence of the lesson «Dinosaurs: kinds, sizes and how they lived» of the biol --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/75-dinosaurs-kinds-sizes-and-lives/2/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Dinosaurs: kinds, sizes and how they l…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/75-dinosaurs-kinds-sizes-and-lives/) / 2 # Dinosaurs: kinds, sizes and how they lived, sentence 2 Plant-eaters were not helpless: Stegosaurus had tail spikes, Triceratops horns and a frill, and Ankylosaurus armour down to its eyelids and a club that could break a leg bone. **Who acts:** Plant eaters, Stegosaurus, club · **What happens:** not be, have, break · **To what, where:** tail spikes, leg bone This is a sentence of the lesson «Dinosaurs: kinds, sizes and how they lived» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Plant eaters, Stegosaurus, club), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:075-dinosaurs-kinds-sizes-and-lives.lesson:2 # text = Plant-eaters were not helpless: Stegosaurus had tail spikes, Triceratops horns and a frill, and Ankylosaurus armour down to its eyelids and a club that could break a leg bone. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 075-dinosaurs-kinds-sizes-and-lives.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×3, R8-pos-agree ×2 1 Plant plant NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 compound _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=3:compound|HaikuPos=PROPN:NNP:Number=Sing 2 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 1 punct _ _ 3 eaters eater NOUN NNS Number=Plur 6 nsubj _ _ 4 were be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 6 cop _ _ 5 not not PART RB Polarity=Neg 6 advmod _ _ 6 helpless helpless ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 0 root _ _ 7 : : PUNCT : _ 9 punct _ _ 8 Stegosaurus Stegosaurus PROPN NNP Number=Sing 9 nsubj _ _ 9 had have VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 6 parataxis _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=6:conj 10 tail tail NOUN NN Number=Sing 11 compound _ _ 11 spikes spike NOUN NNS Number=Plur 9 obj _ _ 12 , , PUNCT , _ 14 punct _ _ 13 Triceratops triceratops NOUN NNS Number=Plur 14 compound _ _ 14 horns horn NOUN NNS Number=Plur 11 conj _ _ 15 and and CCONJ CC _ 17 cc _ _ 16 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 17 det _ _ 17 frill frill NOUN NN Number=Sing 11 conj _ _ 18 , , PUNCT , _ 21 punct _ _ 19 and and CCONJ CC _ 21 cc _ _ 20 Ankylosaurus Ankylosaurus PROPN NNP Number=Sing 21 compound _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=21:nsubj 21 armour armour NOUN NN Number=Sing 6 conj _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=6:conj|HaikuPos=VERB:VBP:Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 22 down down ADV RB _ 21 advmod _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=21:compound:prt|HaikuPos=ADP:RP:_ 23 to to ADP IN _ 25 case _ _ 24 its its PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 25 nmod:poss _ _ 25 eyelids eyelid NOUN NNS Number=Plur 22 obl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=21:obl 26 and and CCONJ CC _ 28 cc _ _ 27 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 28 det _ _ 28 club club NOUN NN Number=Sing 25 conj _ _ 29 that that PRON WDT PronType=Rel 31 nsubj _ _ 30 could could AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 31 aux _ _ 31 break break VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 28 acl:relcl _ _ 32 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 34 det _ _ 33 leg leg NOUN NN Number=Sing 34 compound _ _ 34 bone bone NOUN NN Number=Sing 31 obj _ _ 35 . . PUNCT . _ 6 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **not** **is** | past | Plant eaters | | | | | helpless *property* | tree rules | | 2 | **have** | past | Stegosaurus | tail spikes and Triceratops horns and a frill | | | | | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent spike=Patient | | 3 | **break** | could | a club | a leg bone | | | | | vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer bone=Patient | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:075-dinosaurs-kinds-sizes-and-lives.lesson:2`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×3, R8-pos-agree ×2. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Dinosaurs: kinds, sizes and how they l…, 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/75-dinosaurs-kinds-sizes-and-lives/1/) - next →: [Dinosaurs: kinds, sizes and how they l…, 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/75-dinosaurs-kinds-sizes-and-lives/3/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/75-dinosaurs-kinds-sizes-and-lives/)