--- title: Yutyrannus, a relative of T. rex from China about 125 million years… — The end of the dinosaurs, and birds as living di… · tree and pragmatics description: Yutyrannus, a relative of T. rex from China about 125 million years old and about 9 metres long, had long fluffy feathers; feathers first evolved for warmth and display, and only later for flying. Who acts: Yutyrannus, feathers. A sentence of the lesson «The end of the dinosaurs, and birds as living --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/76-end-of-the-dinosaurs-and-birds/12/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [The end of the dinosaurs, and birds as…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/76-end-of-the-dinosaurs-and-birds/) / 12 # The end of the dinosaurs, and birds as living dinosaurs, sentence 12 Yutyrannus, a relative of T. rex from China about 125 million years old and about 9 metres long, had long fluffy feathers; feathers first evolved for warmth and display, and only later for flying. **Who acts:** Yutyrannus, feathers · **What happens:** have, evolve, fly · **To what, where:** long fluffy feathers This is a sentence of the lesson «The end of the dinosaurs, and birds as living dinosaurs» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Yutyrannus, feathers), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:076-end-of-the-dinosaurs-and-birds.lesson:12 # text = Yutyrannus, a relative of T. rex from China about 125 million years old and about 9 metres long, had long fluffy feathers; feathers first evolved for warmth and display, and only later for flying. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 076-end-of-the-dinosaurs-and-birds.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×3, R8-pos-agree ×1 1 Yutyrannus Yutyrannus PROPN NNP Number=Sing 21 nsubj _ _ 2 , , PUNCT , _ 4 punct _ _ 3 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 4 det _ _ 4 relative relative NOUN NN Number=Sing 1 appos _ _ 5 of of ADP IN _ 7 case _ _ 6 T. t. NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 7 nummod _ _ 7 rex rex NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 nmod _ _ 8 from from ADP IN _ 9 case _ _ 9 China China PROPN NNP Number=Sing 4 nmod _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=7:nmod 10 about about ADV RB _ 12 advmod _ _ 11 125 125 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 12 compound _ _ 12 million million NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 13 nummod _ _ 13 years year NOUN NNS Number=Plur 14 obl:unmarked _ _ 14 old old ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 4 amod _ _ 15 and and CCONJ CC _ 18 cc _ _ 16 about about ADV RB _ 17 advmod _ _ 17 9 9 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 18 nummod _ _ 18 metres metre NOUN NNS Number=Plur 14 conj _ _ 19 long long ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 14 conj _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=18:advmod|HaikuPos=ADV:RB:Degree=Pos 20 , , PUNCT , _ 19 punct _ _ 21 had have VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 22 long long ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 24 amod _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=21:advmod|HaikuPos=ADV:RB:Degree=Pos 23 fluffy fluffy ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 24 amod _ _ 24 feathers feather NOUN NNS Number=Plur 21 obj _ _ 25 ; ; PUNCT , _ 28 punct _ _ 26 feathers feather NOUN NNS Number=Plur 28 nsubj _ _ 27 first first ADV RB NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord 28 advmod _ _ 28 evolved evolve VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 21 parataxis _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=21:parataxis|HaikuPos=VERB:VBN:Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 29 for for ADP IN _ 30 case _ _ 30 warmth warmth NOUN NN Number=Sing 28 obl _ _ 31 and and CCONJ CC _ 32 cc _ _ 32 display display NOUN NN Number=Sing 30 conj _ _ 33 , , PUNCT , _ 38 punct _ _ 34 and and CCONJ CC _ 38 cc _ _ 35 only only ADV RB _ 36 advmod _ _ 36 later late ADV RBR Degree=Cmp 38 advmod _ _ 37 for for SCONJ IN _ 38 mark _ _ 38 flying fly VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 28 advcl _ _ 39 . . PUNCT . _ 21 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **have** | past | Yutyrannus | long fluffy feathers | | | | | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent feather=Patient | | 2 | **evolve** | past | feathers | | | | | for warmth and display; first *property* | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 3 | **fly** | gerund | feathers *not said here* | | | | | late *property* | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:076-end-of-the-dinosaurs-and-birds.lesson:12`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×3, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [The end of the dinosaurs, and birds as…, 11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/76-end-of-the-dinosaurs-and-birds/11/) - next →: [The end of the dinosaurs, and birds as…, 14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/76-end-of-the-dinosaurs-and-birds/14/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/76-end-of-the-dinosaurs-and-birds/)