--- title: After the dinosaurs died out, mammals spread into many new kinds, an… — The end of the dinosaurs, and birds as living di… · tree and pragmatics description: After the dinosaurs died out, mammals spread into many new kinds, and within about 10 million years there were early bats, early whales and dog-sized early horses. Who acts: dinosaurs, mammals. A sentence of the lesson «The end of the dinosaurs, and birds as living dinosaurs» of the biology course o --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/76-end-of-the-dinosaurs-and-birds/15/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [The end of the dinosaurs, and birds as…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/76-end-of-the-dinosaurs-and-birds/) / 15 # The end of the dinosaurs, and birds as living dinosaurs, sentence 15 After the dinosaurs died out, mammals spread into many new kinds, and within about 10 million years there were early bats, early whales and dog-sized early horses. **Who acts:** dinosaurs, mammals · **What happens:** die out, spread, be, size · **To what, where:** many new kinds, early bats This is a sentence of the lesson «The end of the dinosaurs, and birds as living dinosaurs» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (dinosaurs, mammals), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:076-end-of-the-dinosaurs-and-birds.lesson:15 # text = After the dinosaurs died out, mammals spread into many new kinds, and within about 10 million years there were early bats, early whales and dog-sized early horses. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 076-end-of-the-dinosaurs-and-birds.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R6-punct-agree ×1 1 After after SCONJ IN _ 4 mark _ _ 2 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 3 det _ _ 3 dinosaurs dinosaur NOUN NNS Number=Plur 4 nsubj _ _ 4 died die VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 8 advcl _ _ 5 out out ADP RP _ 4 compound:prt _ _ 6 , , PUNCT , _ 7 punct _ _ 7 mammals mammal NOUN NNS Number=Plur 8 nsubj _ _ 8 spread spread VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 9 into into ADP IN _ 12 case _ _ 10 many many ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 12 amod _ _ 11 new new ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 12 amod _ _ 12 kinds kind NOUN NNS Number=Plur 8 obl _ _ 13 , , PUNCT , _ 23 punct _ _ 14 and and CCONJ CC _ 23 cc _ _ 15 within within ADP IN _ 19 case _ _ 16 about about ADV RB _ 18 advmod _ _ 17 10 10 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 18 compound _ _ 18 million million NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 19 nummod _ _ 19 years year NOUN NNS Number=Plur 21 obl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=23:obl 20 there there PRON EX PronType=Dem 21 expl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=23:expl 21 were be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 23 cop _ _ 22 early early ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 23 amod _ _ 23 bats bat NOUN NNS Number=Plur 8 conj _ _ 24 , , PUNCT , _ 26 punct _ _ 25 early early ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 26 amod _ _ 26 whales whale NOUN NNS Number=Plur 23 conj _ _ 27 and and CCONJ CC _ 32 cc _ _ 28 dog dog NOUN NN Number=Sing 30 compound _ _ 29 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 28 punct _ _ 30 sized size VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 32 amod _ _ 31 early early ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 32 amod _ _ 32 horses horse NOUN NNS Number=Plur 23 conj _ _ 33 . . PUNCT . _ 8 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=23:punct ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **die out** | past | the dinosaurs | | | | | | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute | | 2 | **spread** | past | mammals | | | many new kinds | | | vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V PP.destination»: agent=Theme into kind=Destination | | 3 | **is a** | past | mammals *not said here* | early bats and early whales and sized early horses | | | | | tree rules | | 4 | **size** | participle | | | | | | | tree rules | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:076-end-of-the-dinosaurs-and-birds.lesson:15`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R6-punct-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [The end of the dinosaurs, and birds as…, 14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/76-end-of-the-dinosaurs-and-birds/14/) - next →: [The end of the dinosaurs, and birds as…, 16](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/76-end-of-the-dinosaurs-and-birds/16/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/76-end-of-the-dinosaurs-and-birds/)