---
title: Crocodiles survived the asteroid too, and they are closer relatives… — The end of the dinosaurs, and birds as living di… · tree and pragmatics
description: Crocodiles survived the asteroid too, and they are closer relatives of birds than of lizards. Who acts: Crocodiles. A sentence of the lesson «The end of the dinosaurs, and birds as living dinosaurs» of the biology course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every c
---

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# The end of the dinosaurs, and birds as living dinosaurs, sentence 16

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Crocodiles survived the asteroid too, and they are closer relatives of birds than of lizards.

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**Who acts:** Crocodiles · **What happens:** survive, be · **To what, where:** asteroid, closer relatives

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This is a sentence of the lesson «The end of the dinosaurs, and birds as living dinosaurs» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Crocodiles), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:biology:076-end-of-the-dinosaurs-and-birds.lesson:16
# text = Crocodiles survived the asteroid too, and they are closer relatives of birds than of lizards.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = biology
# lesson = 076-end-of-the-dinosaurs-and-birds.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change
1	Crocodiles	crocodile	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	survived	survive	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	asteroid	asteroid	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	too	too	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
8	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	_
9	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	cop	_	_
10	closer	close	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	11	amod	_	_
11	relatives	relative	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	conj	_	_
12	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	birds	bird	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	nmod	_	_
14	than	than	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	of	of	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	lizards	lizard	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	nmod	_	_
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .note -->
No stored speech act for this sentence.

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **survive** | past | Crocodiles | the asteroid |  |  |  |  | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme asteroid=Circumstance |
| 2 | **is a** | present | crocodiles *= crocodile* | closer relatives |  |  |  | of birds than lizards | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:076-end-of-the-dinosaurs-and-birds.lesson:16`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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