--- title: In 1980 Luis and Walter Alvarez found a clay layer all over the worl… — The end of the dinosaurs, and birds as living di… · tree and pragmatics description: In 1980 Luis and Walter Alvarez found a clay layer all over the world rich in iridium, a metal rare on Earth but common in asteroids; below it there are dinosaur fossils, and above it none, apart from birds. Who acts: Luis. A sentence of the lesson «The end of the dinosaurs, and birds as living dino --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/76-end-of-the-dinosaurs-and-birds/6/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [The end of the dinosaurs, and birds as…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/76-end-of-the-dinosaurs-and-birds/) / 6 # The end of the dinosaurs, and birds as living dinosaurs, sentence 6 In 1980 Luis and Walter Alvarez found a clay layer all over the world rich in iridium, a metal rare on Earth but common in asteroids; below it there are dinosaur fossils, and above it none, apart from birds. **Who acts:** Luis · **What happens:** find, be · **To what, where:** clay layer, 1980, dinosaur fossils This is a sentence of the lesson «The end of the dinosaurs, and birds as living dinosaurs» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Luis), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:076-end-of-the-dinosaurs-and-birds.lesson:6 # text = In 1980 Luis and Walter Alvarez found a clay layer all over the world rich in iridium, a metal rare on Earth but common in asteroids; below it there are dinosaur fossils, and above it none, apart from birds. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 076-end-of-the-dinosaurs-and-birds.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×4, R6-punct-agree ×1 1 In in ADP IN _ 2 case _ _ 2 1980 1980 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 7 obl _ _ 3 Luis Luis PROPN NNP Number=Sing 7 nsubj _ _ 4 and and CCONJ CC _ 5 cc _ _ 5 Walter Walter PROPN NNP Number=Sing 3 conj _ _ 6 Alvarez Alvarez PROPN NNP Number=Sing 5 flat _ _ 7 found find VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 8 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 10 det _ _ 9 clay clay NOUN NN Number=Sing 10 compound _ _ 10 layer layer NOUN NN Number=Sing 7 obj _ _ 11 all all ADV RB _ 14 advmod _ _ 12 over over ADP IN _ 14 case _ _ 13 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 14 det _ _ 14 world world NOUN NN Number=Sing 10 nmod _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=7:obl 15 rich rich ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 10 amod _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=14:amod 16 in in ADP IN _ 17 case _ _ 17 iridium iridium NOUN NN Number=Sing 15 obl _ _ 18 , , PUNCT , _ 21 punct _ _ 19 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 20 det _ _ 20 metal metal NOUN NN Number=Sing 17 appos _ _ 21 rare rare ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 20 amod _ _ 22 on on ADP IN _ 23 case _ _ 23 Earth Earth PROPN NNP Number=Sing 21 obl _ _ 24 but but CCONJ CC _ 25 cc _ _ 25 common common ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 21 conj _ _ 26 in in ADP IN _ 27 case _ _ 27 asteroids asteroid NOUN NNS Number=Plur 25 obl _ _ 28 ; ; PUNCT : _ 34 punct _ _ 29 below below ADP IN _ 30 case _ _ 30 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 32 obl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=34:obl 31 there there PRON EX PronType=Dem 32 expl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=34:expl 32 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 34 cop _ _ 33 dinosaur dinosaur NOUN NN Number=Sing 34 compound _ _ 34 fossils fossil NOUN NNS Number=Plur 7 parataxis _ _ 35 , , PUNCT , _ 43 punct _ _ 36 and and CCONJ CC _ 43 cc _ _ 37 above above ADP IN _ 38 case _ _ 38 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 39 obl _ _ 39 none none ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 43 amod _ _ 40 , , PUNCT , _ 39 punct _ _ 41 apart apart ADV RB _ 43 advmod _ _ 42 from from ADP IN _ 43 case _ _ 43 birds bird NOUN NNS Number=Plur 34 conj _ _ 44 . . PUNCT . _ 7 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=34:punct ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **find** | past | Luis and Walter | a clay layer | | 1980 | | over the world | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent layer=Topic | | 2 | **is a** | present | | dinosaur fossils and none birds | | | | | tree rules | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:076-end-of-the-dinosaurs-and-birds.lesson:6`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×4, R6-punct-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [The end of the dinosaurs, and birds as…, 5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/76-end-of-the-dinosaurs-and-birds/5/) - next →: [The end of the dinosaurs, and birds as…, 7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/76-end-of-the-dinosaurs-and-birds/7/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/76-end-of-the-dinosaurs-and-birds/)