--- title: Birds evolved from small feathered meat-eating dinosaurs called ther… — The end of the dinosaurs, and birds as living di… · tree and pragmatics description: Birds evolved from small feathered meat-eating dinosaurs called theropods, the group of T. rex and Velociraptor, and there are about 11,000 kinds of bird today. Who acts: Birds, small feathered eating dinosaurs, 11,000 kinds. A sentence of the lesson «The end of the dinosaurs, and birds as living di --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/76-end-of-the-dinosaurs-and-birds/9/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [The end of the dinosaurs, and birds as…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/76-end-of-the-dinosaurs-and-birds/) / 9 # The end of the dinosaurs, and birds as living dinosaurs, sentence 9 Birds evolved from small feathered meat-eating dinosaurs called theropods, the group of T. rex and Velociraptor, and there are about 11,000 kinds of bird today. **Who acts:** Birds, small feathered eating dinosaurs, 11,000 kinds · **What happens:** evolve, eat, call, be about · **To what, where:** theropods · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «The end of the dinosaurs, and birds as living dinosaurs» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Birds, small feathered eating dinosaurs, 11,000 kinds), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:076-end-of-the-dinosaurs-and-birds.lesson:9 # text = Birds evolved from small feathered meat-eating dinosaurs called theropods, the group of T. rex and Velociraptor, and there are about 11,000 kinds of bird today. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 076-end-of-the-dinosaurs-and-birds.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R8-pos-agree ×1 1 Birds bird NOUN NNS Number=Plur 2 nsubj _ _ 2 evolved evolve VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 3 from from ADP IN _ 9 case _ _ 4 small small ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 9 amod _ _ 5 feathered feathered ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 9 amod _ _ 6 meat meat NOUN NN Number=Sing 8 compound _ _ 7 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 6 punct _ _ 8 eating eat VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 9 amod _ _ 9 dinosaurs dinosaur NOUN NNS Number=Plur 2 obl _ _ 10 called call VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 9 acl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=11:amod 11 theropods theropod NOUN NNS Number=Plur 10 xcomp _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=9:conj 12 , , PUNCT , _ 14 punct _ _ 13 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 14 det _ _ 14 group group NOUN NN Number=Sing 11 appos _ _ 15 of of ADP IN _ 17 case _ _ 16 T. t. PROPN NNP Number=Sing 17 compound _ _ 17 rex rex PROPN NNP Number=Sing 14 nmod _ _ 18 and and CCONJ CC _ 19 cc _ _ 19 Velociraptor Velociraptor PROPN NNP Number=Sing 17 conj _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=17:conj|HaikuPos=NOUN:NN:Number=Sing 20 , , PUNCT , _ 23 punct _ _ 21 and and CCONJ CC _ 23 cc _ _ 22 there there PRON EX PronType=Dem 23 expl _ _ 23 are be VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 2 conj _ _ 24 about about ADV RB _ 25 advmod _ _ 25 11,000 11,000 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 26 nummod _ _ 26 kinds kind NOUN NNS Number=Plur 23 nsubj _ _ 27 of of ADP IN _ 28 case _ _ 28 bird bird NOUN NN Number=Sing 26 nmod _ _ 29 today today NOUN NN Number=Sing 23 obl:unmarked _ _ 30 . . PUNCT . _ 2 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **evolve** | past | Birds | | | | | from small feathered eating dinosaurs | vn grow-26.2.1 «NP V NP.product PP.patient»: agent=Agent from dinosaur=Patient | | 2 | **eat** | gerund | | | | | | | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 3 | **call** | participle | small feathered eating dinosaurs *not said here* | theropods | | | | | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 4 | **be about** | present | 11,000 kinds of bird | | | there | today | | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:076-end-of-the-dinosaurs-and-birds.lesson:9`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [The end of the dinosaurs, and birds as…, 8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/76-end-of-the-dinosaurs-and-birds/8/) - next →: [The end of the dinosaurs, and birds as…, 10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/76-end-of-the-dinosaurs-and-birds/10/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/76-end-of-the-dinosaurs-and-birds/)