---
title: Look at Martha, the stuffed passenger pigeon in her glass case: her… — Endangered animals and extinction · tree and pragmatics
description: Look at Martha, the stuffed passenger pigeon in her glass case: her kind once flew in flocks of billions that darkened the sky for hours, yet she died alone in a zoo in 1914, so even the commonest animal can disappear. Who acts: you, kind, billions, commonest animal. A sentence of the lesson «Endang
---

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# Endangered animals and extinction, sentence 1

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Look at Martha, the stuffed passenger pigeon in her glass case: her kind once flew in flocks of billions that darkened the sky for hours, yet she died alone in a zoo in 1914, so even the commonest animal can disappear.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** you, kind, billions, commonest animal · **What happens:** look, stuff, fly, darken, die, disappear · **To what, where:** flocks, sky

<!-- .vabout -->
This is a sentence of the lesson «Endangered animals and extinction» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (you, kind, billions, commonest animal), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:biology:077-endangered-animals-and-extinction.lesson:1
# text = Look at Martha, the stuffed passenger pigeon in her glass case: her kind once flew in flocks of billions that darkened the sky for hours, yet she died alone in a zoo in 1914, so even the commonest animal can disappear.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = biology
# lesson = 077-endangered-animals-and-extinction.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change
1	Look	look	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	at	at	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
3	Martha	Martha	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
6	stuffed	stuff	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	amod	_	_
7	passenger	passenger	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	pigeon	pigeon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	appos	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
10	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	12	nmod:poss	_	_
11	glass	glass	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	compound	_	_
12	case	case	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	_
13	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	17	punct	_	_
14	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	15	nmod:poss	_	_
15	kind	kind	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	nsubj	_	_
16	once	once	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Mult	17	advmod	_	_
17	flew	fly	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	1	parataxis	_	_
18	in	in	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
19	flocks	flock	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	obl	_	_
20	of	of	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
21	billions	billion	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	19	nmod	_	_
22	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	23	nsubj	_	_
23	darkened	darken	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	21	acl:relcl	_	_
24	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
25	sky	sky	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	obj	_	_
26	for	for	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
27	hours	hour	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	23	obl	_	_
28	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	31	punct	_	_
29	yet	yet	CCONJ	CC	_	31	cc	_	_
30	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	31	nsubj	_	_
31	died	die	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	17	conj	_	_
32	alone	alone	ADV	RB	_	31	advmod	_	_
33	in	in	ADP	IN	_	35	case	_	_
34	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	35	det	_	_
35	zoo	zoo	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	31	obl	_	_
36	in	in	ADP	IN	_	37	case	_	_
37	1914	1914	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	31	obl	_	_
38	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	45	punct	_	_
39	so	so	ADV	RB	_	45	advmod	_	_
40	even	even	ADV	RB	_	43	advmod	_	_
41	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	43	det	_	_
42	commonest	common	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	43	amod	_	_
43	animal	animal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	45	nsubj	_	_
44	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	45	aux	_	_
45	disappear	disappear	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	1	conj	_	_
46	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .note -->
No stored speech act for this sentence.

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **look** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  | at Martha | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent at martha=Theme |
| 2 | **stuff** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn spray-9.7-2 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **fly** | past | Martha's kind |  |  | flocks of billions |  | once *property* | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in flock=Location |
| 4 | **darken** | past | billions | the sky |  |  | hour |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent sky=Patient |
| 5 | **die** | past | kind |  |  |  |  | in 1914; in a zoo; alone *property* | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1 «NP.patient V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient in zoo=Attribute |
| 6 | **disappear** | can | the commonest animal |  |  |  |  |  | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:077-endangered-animals-and-extinction.lesson:1`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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