--- title: Rhinos are hunted illegally for horns that some people wrongly belie… — Endangered animals and extinction · tree and pragmatics description: Rhinos are hunted illegally for horns that some people wrongly believe are medicine, though rhino horn is keratin like hair and fingernails; only two northern white rhinos are left, both female, Najin and Fatu. Who acts: people. A sentence of the lesson «Endangered animals and extinction» of the bio --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/77-endangered-animals-and-extinction/11/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Endangered animals and extinction](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/77-endangered-animals-and-extinction/) / 11 # Endangered animals and extinction, sentence 11 Rhinos are hunted illegally for horns that some people wrongly believe are medicine, though rhino horn is keratin like hair and fingernails; only two northern white rhinos are left, both female, Najin and Fatu. **Who acts:** people · **What happens:** hunt, believe, be, leave · **To what, where:** Rhinos, horns, medicine, horn keratin, two northern white rhinos · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «Endangered animals and extinction» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (people), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:077-endangered-animals-and-extinction.lesson:11 # text = Rhinos are hunted illegally for horns that some people wrongly believe are medicine, though rhino horn is keratin like hair and fingernails; only two northern white rhinos are left, both female, Najin and Fatu. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 077-endangered-animals-and-extinction.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1 1 Rhinos rhino NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 nsubj _ _ 2 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 aux:pass _ _ 3 hunted hunt VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 0 root _ _ 4 illegally illegally ADV RB _ 3 advmod _ _ 5 for for ADP IN _ 6 case _ _ 6 horns horn NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 obl _ _ 7 that that PRON WDT PronType=Rel 11 obj _ _ 8 some some DET DT PronType=Ind 9 det _ _ 9 people people NOUN NNS Number=Plur 11 nsubj _ _ 10 wrongly wrongly ADV RB _ 11 advmod _ _ 11 believe believe VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 6 acl:relcl _ _ 12 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 13 cop _ _ 13 medicine medicine NOUN NN Number=Sing 11 ccomp _ _ 14 , , PUNCT , _ 19 punct _ _ 15 though though SCONJ IN _ 19 mark _ _ 16 rhino rhino NOUN NN Number=Sing 17 compound _ _ 17 horn horn NOUN NN Number=Sing 19 compound _ _ 18 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 19 cop _ _ 19 keratin keratin NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 advcl _ _ 20 like like ADP IN _ 21 case _ _ 21 hair hair NOUN NN Number=Sing 19 nmod _ _ 22 and and CCONJ CC _ 23 cc _ _ 23 fingernails fingernail NOUN NNS Number=Plur 21 conj _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=19:conj 24 ; ; PUNCT , _ 3 punct _ _ 25 only only ADV RB _ 26 advmod _ _ 26 two two NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 29 nummod _ _ 27 northern northern ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 29 amod _ _ 28 white white ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 29 amod _ _ 29 rhinos rhino NOUN NNS Number=Plur 31 nsubj _ _ 30 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 31 aux:pass _ _ 31 left leave VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 3 parataxis _ _ 32 , , PUNCT , _ 31 punct _ _ 33 both both DET DT PronType=Tot 34 advmod _ _ 34 female female ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 31 xcomp _ _ 35 , , PUNCT , _ 36 punct _ _ 36 Najin Najin PROPN NNP Number=Sing 31 parataxis _ _ 37 and and CCONJ CC _ 38 cc _ _ 38 Fatu Fatu PROPN NNP Number=Sing 36 conj _ _ 39 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **hunt** | present · passive | | Rhinos | | | | for horns; illegally *property* | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: subject=Location for horn=Theme | | 2 | **believe** | present | some people | horns | | | | wrongly *property* | vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer that=Stimulus | | 3 | **is a** | present | | medicine | | | | | tree rules | | 4 | **is a** | present | | horn keratin | | | | like hair and fingernails | tree rules | | 5 | **leave** | present · passive | | two northern white rhinos | | | | female *property* | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:077-endangered-animals-and-extinction.lesson:11`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Endangered animals and extinction, 9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/77-endangered-animals-and-extinction/9/) - next →: [Endangered animals and extinction, 12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/77-endangered-animals-and-extinction/12/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/77-endangered-animals-and-extinction/)