--- title: Most extinctions today are caused by people, by cutting down homes,… — Endangered animals and extinction · tree and pragmatics description: Most extinctions today are caused by people, by cutting down homes, hunting, bringing in rats and diseases, and dropping plastic; the good news is that the same people can protect animals, and tigers in India and Nepal are already increasing. Who acts: people, same people, tigers. A sentence of the --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/77-endangered-animals-and-extinction/2/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Endangered animals and extinction](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/77-endangered-animals-and-extinction/) / 2 # Endangered animals and extinction, sentence 2 Most extinctions today are caused by people, by cutting down homes, hunting, bringing in rats and diseases, and dropping plastic; the good news is that the same people can protect animals, and tigers in India and Nepal are already increasing. **Who acts:** people, same people, tigers · **What happens:** cause, cut down, hunt, bring, drop, be · **To what, where:** Most extinctions, homes, rats, plastic, good news, animals This is a sentence of the lesson «Endangered animals and extinction» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (people, same people, tigers), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:077-endangered-animals-and-extinction.lesson:2 # text = Most extinctions today are caused by people, by cutting down homes, hunting, bringing in rats and diseases, and dropping plastic; the good news is that the same people can protect animals, and tigers in India and Nepal are already increasing. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 077-endangered-animals-and-extinction.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×2, R6-punct-agree ×1 1 Most most ADJ JJS Degree=Sup 2 amod _ _ 2 extinctions extinction NOUN NNS Number=Plur 5 nsubj _ _ 3 today today NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 obl:unmarked _ _ 4 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 5 aux:pass _ _ 5 caused cause VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 0 root _ _ 6 by by ADP IN _ 7 case _ _ 7 people people NOUN NNS Number=Plur 5 obl:agent _ _ 8 , , PUNCT , _ 10 punct _ _ 9 by by SCONJ IN _ 10 mark _ _ 10 cutting cut VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 5 advcl _ _ 11 down down ADP RP _ 10 compound:prt _ _ 12 homes home NOUN NNS Number=Plur 10 obj _ _ 13 , , PUNCT , _ 14 punct _ _ 14 hunting hunt VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 10 conj _ _ 15 , , PUNCT , _ 16 punct _ _ 16 bringing bring VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 10 conj _ Agree=R3-conj-first|Haiku=14:conj 17 in in ADP IN _ 18 case _ _ 18 rats rat NOUN NNS Number=Plur 16 obl _ _ 19 and and CCONJ CC _ 20 cc _ _ 20 diseases disease NOUN NNS Number=Plur 18 conj _ _ 21 , , PUNCT , _ 23 punct _ _ 22 and and CCONJ CC _ 23 cc _ _ 23 dropping drop VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 10 conj _ Agree=R3-conj-first|Haiku=14:conj 24 plastic plastic NOUN NN Number=Sing 23 obj _ _ 25 ; ; PUNCT , _ 5 punct _ _ 26 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 28 det _ _ 27 good good ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 28 amod _ _ 28 news news NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 parataxis _ _ 29 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 28 cop _ _ 30 that that SCONJ IN _ 35 mark _ _ 31 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 33 det _ _ 32 same same ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 33 amod _ _ 33 people people NOUN NNS Number=Plur 35 nsubj _ _ 34 can can AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 35 aux _ _ 35 protect protect VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 28 ccomp _ _ 36 animals animal NOUN NNS Number=Plur 35 obj _ _ 37 , , PUNCT , _ 46 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=39:punct 38 and and CCONJ CC _ 39 cc _ _ 39 tigers tiger NOUN NNS Number=Plur 46 nsubj _ _ 40 in in ADP IN _ 41 case _ _ 41 India India PROPN NNP Number=Sing 39 nmod _ _ 42 and and CCONJ CC _ 43 cc _ _ 43 Nepal Nepal PROPN NNP Number=Sing 41 conj _ _ 44 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 46 aux _ _ 45 already already ADV RB _ 46 advmod _ _ 46 increasing increase VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 5 conj _ _ 47 . . PUNCT . _ 5 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **cause** | present · passive | people | Most extinctions | | | today | | vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition subject=Patient | | 2 | **cut down** | gerund | people *not said here* | homes | | | | | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset home=Product | | 3 | **hunt** | gerund | people *not said here* | | | | | | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 4 | **bring** | gerund | people *not said here* | | | rats and diseases | | | vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP together»: agent=Agent | | 5 | **drop** | gerund | people *not said here* | plastic | | | | | vn put\_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent plastic=Theme | | 6 | **is a** | present | | the good news | | | | | tree rules | | 7 | **protect** | can | the same people | | animals | | | | vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent animal=Beneficiary | | 8 | **increase** | present · progressive | tigers in India and Nepal | | | | | | vn caused\_calibratable\_cos-45.6.2-1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:077-endangered-animals-and-extinction.lesson:2`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×2, R6-punct-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Endangered animals and extinction, 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/77-endangered-animals-and-extinction/1/) - next →: [Endangered animals and extinction, 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/77-endangered-animals-and-extinction/3/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/77-endangered-animals-and-extinction/)