---
title: The dodo was a big flightless pigeon from Mauritius, last reliably s… — Endangered animals and extinction · tree and pragmatics
description: The dodo was a big flightless pigeon from Mauritius, last reliably seen in 1662, less than 100 years after sailors arrived; with no enemies it was not afraid, so sailors hunted it easily, and animals brought by ships ate its eggs. Who acts: dodo, sailors, animals. A sentence of the lesson «Endangere
---

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# Endangered animals and extinction, sentence 4

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The dodo was a big flightless pigeon from Mauritius, last reliably seen in 1662, less than 100 years after sailors arrived; with no enemies it was not afraid, so sailors hunted it easily, and animals brought by ships ate its eggs.

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**Who acts:** dodo, sailors, animals · **What happens:** be, see, arrive, not be, hunt, bring · **To what, where:** big flightless pigeon, Mauritius, 1662, dodo, animals, eggs

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This is a sentence of the lesson «Endangered animals and extinction» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (dodo, sailors, animals), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:biology:077-endangered-animals-and-extinction.lesson:4
# text = The dodo was a big flightless pigeon from Mauritius, last reliably seen in 1662, less than 100 years after sailors arrived; with no enemies it was not afraid, so sailors hunted it easily, and animals brought by ships ate its eggs.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = biology
# lesson = 077-endangered-animals-and-extinction.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R1-cc-next ×1
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	dodo	dodo	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
5	big	big	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
6	flightless	flightless	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	pigeon	pigeon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
8	from	from	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	Mauritius	Mauritius	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	_
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
11	last	last	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	_
12	reliably	reliably	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	_
13	seen	see	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	7	acl:relcl	_	_
14	in	in	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	1662	1662	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	13	obl	_	_
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
17	less	less	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp|ExtPos=ADV	19	advmod	_	_
18	than	than	ADP	IN	_	17	fixed	_	_
19	100	100	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	20	nummod	_	_
20	years	year	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	obl:unmarked	_	_
21	after	after	SCONJ	IN	_	23	mark	_	_
22	sailors	sailor	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	23	nsubj	_	_
23	arrived	arrive	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	20	advcl	_	_
24	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	31	punct	_	_
25	with	with	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
26	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	27	det	_	_
27	enemies	enemy	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	31	obl	_	_
28	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	31	nsubj	_	_
29	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	31	cop	_	_
30	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	31	advmod	_	_
31	afraid	afraid	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	parataxis	_	_
32	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	35	punct	_	_
33	so	so	ADV	RB	_	35	advmod	_	_
34	sailors	sailor	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	35	nsubj	_	_
35	hunted	hunt	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	31	parataxis	_	_
36	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	35	obj	_	_
37	easily	easily	ADV	RB	_	35	advmod	_	_
38	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	35	punct	_	_
39	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	44	cc	_	Agree=R1-cc-next|Haiku=35:cc
40	animals	animal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	44	nsubj	_	_
41	brought	bring	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	40	acl	_	_
42	by	by	ADP	IN	_	43	case	_	_
43	ships	ship	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	41	obl	_	_
44	ate	eat	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	35	conj	_	_
45	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	46	nmod:poss	_	_
46	eggs	egg	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	44	obj	_	_
47	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: narrate
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: changed polarity=none

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | the dodo | a big flightless pigeon |  | Mauritius |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **see** | participle |  | a big flightless pigeon *not said here* |  | 1662 | year | last, reliably *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
| 3 | **arrive** | past | sailors |  |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **not** **is** | past | dodo |  |  |  |  | with no enemies; afraid *property* | tree rules |
| 5 | **hunt** | past | sailors | dodo |  |  |  | easily *property* | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme |
| 6 | **bring** | participle |  | animals *not said here* |  |  |  | by ships | vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP together»: agent=Agent |
| 7 | **eat** | past | animals | dodo's eggs |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent egg=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:077-endangered-animals-and-extinction.lesson:4`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R1-cc-next ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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