---
title: New Zealand had no ground-hunting mammals before people came, so bir… — Animals of Australia and New Zealand: kangaroos,… · tree and pragmatics
description: New Zealand had no ground-hunting mammals before people came, so birds like the kiwi and kakapo did not need to fly. Who acts: New, people, birds. A sentence of the lesson «Animals of Australia and New Zealand: kangaroos, koalas, wombats, kiwis» of the biology course of Mova's primary school with it
---

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# Animals of Australia and New Zealand: kangaroos, koalas, wombats, kiwis, sentence 10

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
New Zealand had no ground-hunting mammals before people came, so birds like the kiwi and kakapo did not need to fly.

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**Who acts:** New, people, birds · **What happens:** have, hunt, come, not need, fly · **To what, where:** hunting mammals

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This is a sentence of the lesson «Animals of Australia and New Zealand: kangaroos, koalas, wombats, kiwis» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (New, people, birds), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:biology:079-animals-of-australia-and-new-zealand.lesson:10
# text = New Zealand had no ground-hunting mammals before people came, so birds like the kiwi and kakapo did not need to fly.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = biology
# lesson = 079-animals-of-australia-and-new-zealand.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change
1	New	New	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	Zealand	Zealand	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	flat	_	_
3	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	8	det	_	_
5	ground	ground	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
6	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	7	punct	_	_
7	hunting	hunt	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	8	amod	_	_
8	mammals	mammal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
9	before	before	SCONJ	IN	_	11	mark	_	_
10	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	nsubj	_	_
11	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	advcl	_	_
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
13	so	so	ADV	RB	_	22	advmod	_	_
14	birds	bird	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	22	nsubj	_	_
15	like	like	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	kiwi	kiwi	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nmod	_	_
18	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
19	kakapo	kakapo	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	conj	_	_
20	did	do	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	22	aux	_	_
21	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	22	advmod	_	_
22	need	need	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	conj	_	_
23	to	to	PART	TO	_	24	mark	_	_
24	fly	fly	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	22	xcomp	_	_
25	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | New | no hunting mammals |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent mammal=Patient |
| 2 | **hunt** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **come** | past | people |  |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **not** **need** | past · do-support | birds like the kiwi and kakapo |  |  |  |  |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme |
| 5 | **fly** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | birds like the kiwi and kakapo *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:079-animals-of-australia-and-new-zealand.lesson:10`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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