---
title: Red kangaroos are the largest marsupials, can stand taller than a ma… — Animals of Australia and New Zealand: kangaroos,… · tree and pragmatics
description: Red kangaroos are the largest marsupials, can stand taller than a man and hop at over 50 kilometres per hour in bursts; their springy tendons make hopping cheap in energy, and a newborn joey is about the size of a jellybean. Who acts: Red kangaroos, springy tendons, newborn joey. A sentence of the l
---

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# Animals of Australia and New Zealand: kangaroos, koalas, wombats, kiwis, sentence 4

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Red kangaroos are the largest marsupials, can stand taller than a man and hop at over 50 kilometres per hour in bursts; their springy tendons make hopping cheap in energy, and a newborn joey is about the size of a jellybean.

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**Who acts:** Red kangaroos, springy tendons, newborn joey · **What happens:** be, stand, hop, make · **To what, where:** largest marsupials, 50 kilometres, size

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This is a sentence of the lesson «Animals of Australia and New Zealand: kangaroos, koalas, wombats, kiwis» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Red kangaroos, springy tendons, newborn joey), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:biology:079-animals-of-australia-and-new-zealand.lesson:4
# text = Red kangaroos are the largest marsupials, can stand taller than a man and hop at over 50 kilometres per hour in bursts; their springy tendons make hopping cheap in energy, and a newborn joey is about the size of a jellybean.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = biology
# lesson = 079-animals-of-australia-and-new-zealand.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1
1	Red	red	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	kangaroos	kangaroo	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	largest	large	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	6	amod	_	_
6	marsupials	marsupial	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
8	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	_
9	stand	stand	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	conj	_	_
10	taller	tall	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	9	xcomp	_	_
11	than	than	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
15	hop	hop	VERB	VBP	VerbForm=Inf	9	conj	_	_
16	at	at	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
17	over	over	ADV	RB	_	18	advmod	_	_
18	50	50	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	19	nummod	_	_
19	kilometres	kilometre	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	obl	_	_
20	per	per	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
21	hour	hour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	nmod	_	_
22	in	in	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
23	bursts	burst	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	obl	_	Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=21:nmod
24	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	28	punct	_	_
25	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	27	nmod:poss	_	_
26	springy	springy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	27	amod	_	_
27	tendons	tendon	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	28	nsubj	_	_
28	make	make	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	parataxis	_	_
29	hopping	hop	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	28	advcl	_	_
30	cheap	cheap	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	29	xcomp	_	_
31	in	in	ADP	IN	_	32	case	_	_
32	energy	energy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	30	obl	_	_
33	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	41	punct	_	_
34	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	41	cc	_	_
35	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	37	det	_	_
36	newborn	newborn	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	37	amod	_	_
37	joey	joey	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	41	nsubj	_	_
38	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	41	cop	_	_
39	about	about	ADV	RB	_	41	advmod	_	Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=41:case|HaikuPos=ADP:IN:_
40	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	41	det	_	_
41	size	size	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	conj	_	_
42	of	of	ADP	IN	_	44	case	_	_
43	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	44	det	_	_
44	jellybean	jellybean	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	41	nmod	_	_
45	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Red kangaroos | the largest marsupials |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **stand** | can | Red kangaroos *not said here* |  |  |  |  | tall *property* | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **hop** | present | Red kangaroos *not said here* |  |  | 50 kilometres per hour |  | in bursts | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme at kilometre=Trajectory |
| 4 | **make** | present | kangaroo's springy tendons |  |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset |
| 5 | **hop** | gerund | kangaroo's springy tendons *not said here* |  |  |  |  | cheap *property* | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 6 | **is a** | present | a newborn joey | the size |  |  |  | of a jellybean; about *property* | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:079-animals-of-australia-and-new-zealand.lesson:4`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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