--- title: Koalas are marsupials, not bears; they rest about 18 to 22 hours a d… — Animals of Australia and New Zealand: kangaroos,… · tree and pragmatics description: Koalas are marsupials, not bears; they rest about 18 to 22 hours a day because eucalyptus leaves are tough, low in energy and poisonous to most animals, and they are not drunk on eucalyptus. Who acts: Koalas, marsupials, eucalyptus leaves. A sentence of the lesson «Animals of Australia and New Zeala --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/79-animals-of-australia-and-new-zealand/5/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Animals of Australia and New Zealand:…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/79-animals-of-australia-and-new-zealand/) / 5 # Animals of Australia and New Zealand: kangaroos, koalas, wombats, kiwis, sentence 5 Koalas are marsupials, not bears; they rest about 18 to 22 hours a day because eucalyptus leaves are tough, low in energy and poisonous to most animals, and they are not drunk on eucalyptus. **Who acts:** Koalas, marsupials, eucalyptus leaves · **What happens:** be, rest, not be · **To what, where:** marsupials, energy, eucalyptus This is a sentence of the lesson «Animals of Australia and New Zealand: kangaroos, koalas, wombats, kiwis» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Koalas, marsupials, eucalyptus leaves), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:079-animals-of-australia-and-new-zealand.lesson:5 # text = Koalas are marsupials, not bears; they rest about 18 to 22 hours a day because eucalyptus leaves are tough, low in energy and poisonous to most animals, and they are not drunk on eucalyptus. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 079-animals-of-australia-and-new-zealand.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R1-cc-next ×2, R7-rel-agree ×2, R8-pos-agree ×1 1 Koalas koala NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 nsubj _ _ 2 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 cop _ _ 3 marsupials marsupial NOUN NNS Number=Plur 0 root _ _ 4 , , PUNCT , _ 6 punct _ _ 5 not not PART RB Polarity=Neg 6 advmod _ _ 6 bears bear NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 conj _ _ 7 ; ; PUNCT , _ 9 punct _ _ 8 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 9 nsubj _ _ 9 rest rest VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 parataxis _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=3:conj 10 about about ADV RB _ 11 advmod _ _ 11 18 18 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 14 nummod _ _ 12 to to ADP IN _ 13 case _ _ 13 22 22 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 11 nmod _ _ 14 hours hour NOUN NNS Number=Plur 9 obl:unmarked _ _ 15 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 16 det _ _ 16 day day NOUN NN Number=Sing 14 nmod:unmarked _ _ 17 because because SCONJ IN _ 21 mark _ _ 18 eucalyptus eucalyptus NOUN NN Number=Sing 19 compound _ _ 19 leaves leaf NOUN NNS Number=Plur 21 nsubj _ _ 20 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 21 cop _ _ 21 tough tough ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 9 advcl _ _ 22 , , PUNCT , _ 23 punct _ _ 23 low low ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 21 conj _ _ 24 in in ADP IN _ 25 case _ _ 25 energy energy NOUN NN Number=Sing 23 obl _ _ 26 and and CCONJ CC _ 27 cc _ Agree=R1-cc-next|Haiku=23:cc 27 poisonous poisonous ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 23 conj _ _ 28 to to ADP IN _ 30 case _ _ 29 most most ADJ JJS Degree=Sup 30 amod _ _ 30 animals animal NOUN NNS Number=Plur 27 obl _ _ 31 , , PUNCT , _ 36 punct _ _ 32 and and CCONJ CC _ 36 cc _ Agree=R1-cc-next|Haiku=21:cc 33 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 36 nsubj:pass _ _ 34 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 36 cop _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=36:aux:pass 35 not not PART RB Polarity=Neg 36 advmod _ _ 36 drunk drunk ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 21 conj _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=21:conj|HaikuPos=VERB:VBN:Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 37 on on ADP IN _ 38 case _ _ 38 eucalyptus eucalyptus NOUN NN Number=Sing 36 obl _ _ 39 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is a** | present | Koalas | marsupials and bears | | | | | tree rules | | 2 | **rest** | present | marsupials *= marsupial* | | | | hour | | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 3 | **is** | present | eucalyptus leaves | | | | | tough *property* | tree rules | | 4 | **be** | | eucalyptus leaves *not said here* | | | energy | | | tree rules | | 5 | **not** **is** | present · passive | | marsupials *= marsupial* | | eucalyptus | | drunk *property* | tree rules | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:079-animals-of-australia-and-new-zealand.lesson:5`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R1-cc-next ×2, R7-rel-agree ×2, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Animals of Australia and New Zealand:…, 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/79-animals-of-australia-and-new-zealand/4/) - next →: [Animals of Australia and New Zealand:…, 6](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/79-animals-of-australia-and-new-zealand/6/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/79-animals-of-australia-and-new-zealand/)