--- title: The platypus is an egg-laying mammal with a duck-like bill; under wa… — Animals of Australia and New Zealand: kangaroos,… · tree and pragmatics description: The platypus is an egg-laying mammal with a duck-like bill; under water it shuts its eyes, ears and nose and senses tiny electric signals from prey, and males have a venomous spur on each back leg that causes terrible pain, so wild platypuses must never be handled. Who acts: platypus, males, venomou --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/79-animals-of-australia-and-new-zealand/7/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Animals of Australia and New Zealand:…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/79-animals-of-australia-and-new-zealand/) / 7 # Animals of Australia and New Zealand: kangaroos, koalas, wombats, kiwis, sentence 7 The platypus is an egg-laying mammal with a duck-like bill; under water it shuts its eyes, ears and nose and senses tiny electric signals from prey, and males have a venomous spur on each back leg that causes terrible pain, so wild platypuses must never be handled. **Who acts:** platypus, males, venomous spur · **What happens:** lay, be, shut, sense, have, cause · **To what, where:** laying mammal, eyes, water, tiny electric signals, prey, venomous spur This is a sentence of the lesson «Animals of Australia and New Zealand: kangaroos, koalas, wombats, kiwis» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (platypus, males, venomous spur), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:079-animals-of-australia-and-new-zealand.lesson:7 # text = The platypus is an egg-laying mammal with a duck-like bill; under water it shuts its eyes, ears and nose and senses tiny electric signals from prey, and males have a venomous spur on each back leg that causes terrible pain, so wild platypuses must never be handled. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 079-animals-of-australia-and-new-zealand.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2 1 The the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 2 det _ _ 2 platypus platypus NOUN NN Number=Sing 8 nsubj _ _ 3 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 8 cop _ _ 4 an a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 8 det _ _ 5 egg egg NOUN NN Number=Sing 7 compound _ _ 6 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 5 punct _ _ 7 laying lay VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 8 amod _ _ 8 mammal mammal NOUN NN Number=Sing 0 root _ _ 9 with with ADP IN _ 14 case _ _ 10 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 14 det _ _ 11 duck duck NOUN NN Number=Sing 13 obl:unmarked _ _ 12 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 13 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=11:punct 13 like like ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 14 amod _ _ 14 bill bill NOUN NN Number=Sing 8 nmod _ _ 15 ; ; PUNCT , _ 19 punct _ _ 16 under under ADP IN _ 17 case _ _ 17 water water NOUN NN Number=Sing 19 obl _ _ 18 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 19 nsubj _ _ 19 shuts shut VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 8 parataxis _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=8:conj 20 its its PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 21 nmod:poss _ _ 21 eyes eye NOUN NNS Number=Plur 19 obj _ _ 22 , , PUNCT , _ 23 punct _ _ 23 ears ear NOUN NNS Number=Plur 21 conj _ _ 24 and and CCONJ CC _ 25 cc _ _ 25 nose nose NOUN NN Number=Sing 23 conj _ _ 26 and and CCONJ CC _ 27 cc _ _ 27 senses sense VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 19 conj _ _ 28 tiny tiny ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 30 amod _ _ 29 electric electric ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 30 amod _ _ 30 signals signal NOUN NNS Number=Plur 27 obj _ _ 31 from from ADP IN _ 32 case _ _ 32 prey prey NOUN NN Number=Sing 27 obl _ _ 33 , , PUNCT , _ 36 punct _ _ 34 and and CCONJ CC _ 36 cc _ _ 35 males male NOUN NNS Number=Plur 36 nsubj _ _ 36 have have VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 8 conj _ _ 37 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 39 det _ _ 38 venomous venomous ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 39 amod _ _ 39 spur spur NOUN NN Number=Sing 36 obj _ _ 40 on on ADP IN _ 43 case _ _ 41 each each DET DT PronType=Tot 43 det _ _ 42 back back ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 43 compound _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=43:amod 43 leg leg NOUN NN Number=Sing 39 nmod _ _ 44 that that PRON WDT PronType=Rel 45 nsubj _ _ 45 causes cause VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 39 acl:relcl _ _ 46 terrible terrible ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 47 amod _ _ 47 pain pain NOUN NN Number=Sing 45 obj _ _ 48 , , PUNCT , _ 55 punct _ _ 49 so so ADV RB _ 55 advmod _ _ 50 wild wild ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 51 amod _ _ 51 platypuses platypus NOUN NNS Number=Plur 55 nsubj:pass _ _ 52 must must AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 55 aux _ _ 53 never never ADV RB PronType=Neg 55 advmod _ _ 54 be be AUX VB VerbForm=Inf 55 aux:pass _ _ 55 handled handle VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 36 parataxis _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=45:conj 56 . . PUNCT . _ 8 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **lay** | gerund | | | | | | | vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | | 2 | **is a** | present | the platypus | a laying mammal | | | | with a like bill | tree rules | | 3 | **shut** | present | platypus | platypus's eyes and ears and nose | | water | | | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent eye=Patient | | 4 | **sense** | present | platypus *not said here* | tiny electric signals | | prey | | | vn see-30.1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer signal=Stimulus | | 5 | **have** | present | males | a venomous spur | | each back leg | | | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent spur=Patient | | 6 | **cause** | present | a venomous spur | terrible pain | | | | | vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition pain=Patient | | 7 | **not** **handle** | must · passive | | wild platypuses | | | | | vn hold-15.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:079-animals-of-australia-and-new-zealand.lesson:7`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Animals of Australia and New Zealand:…, 6](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/79-animals-of-australia-and-new-zealand/6/) - next →: [Animals of Australia and New Zealand:…, 8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/79-animals-of-australia-and-new-zealand/8/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/79-animals-of-australia-and-new-zealand/)