--- title: Flying fish escape tuna and other hunters by leaping out and gliding… — The ocean: open sea, sunlit zone and the deep dark · tree and pragmatics description: Flying fish escape tuna and other hunters by leaping out and gliding on wing-like fins, sometimes over 200 metres, beating their tails on the water to stay up longer. Who acts: Flying fish. A sentence of the lesson «The ocean: open sea, sunlit zone and the deep dark» of the biology course of Mova's --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/8-the-ocean/16/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [The ocean: open sea, sunlit zone and t…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/8-the-ocean/) / 16 # The ocean: open sea, sunlit zone and the deep dark, sentence 16 Flying fish escape tuna and other hunters by leaping out and gliding on wing-like fins, sometimes over 200 metres, beating their tails on the water to stay up longer. **Who acts:** Flying fish · **What happens:** fly, escape, leap out, glide, beat, stay up · **To what, where:** tuna, 200 metres, like fins, tails This is a sentence of the lesson «The ocean: open sea, sunlit zone and the deep dark» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Flying fish), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:008-the-ocean.lesson:16 # text = Flying fish escape tuna and other hunters by leaping out and gliding on wing-like fins, sometimes over 200 metres, beating their tails on the water to stay up longer. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 008-the-ocean.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1 1 Flying fly VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 2 amod _ _ 2 fish fish NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 nsubj _ _ 3 escape escape VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 4 tuna tuna NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 obj _ _ 5 and and CCONJ CC _ 7 cc _ _ 6 other other ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 7 amod _ _ 7 hunters hunter NOUN NNS Number=Plur 4 conj _ _ 8 by by SCONJ IN _ 9 mark _ _ 9 leaping leap VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 3 advcl _ _ 10 out out ADP RP _ 9 compound:prt _ _ 11 and and CCONJ CC _ 12 cc _ _ 12 gliding glide VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 9 conj _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=3:conj 13 on on ADP IN _ 17 case _ _ 14 wing wing NOUN NN Number=Sing 16 compound _ _ 15 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 16 punct _ _ 16 like like ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 17 amod _ _ 17 fins fin NOUN NNS Number=Plur 12 obl _ _ 18 , , PUNCT , _ 22 punct _ _ 19 sometimes sometimes ADV RB PronType=Ind 22 advmod _ _ 20 over over ADP IN _ 22 case _ _ 21 200 200 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 22 nummod _ _ 22 metres metre NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 obl _ _ 23 , , PUNCT , _ 24 punct _ _ 24 beating beat VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 3 conj _ _ 25 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 26 nmod:poss _ _ 26 tails tail NOUN NNS Number=Plur 24 obj _ _ 27 on on ADP IN _ 29 case _ _ 28 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 29 det _ _ 29 water water NOUN NN Number=Sing 24 obl _ _ 30 to to PART TO _ 31 mark _ _ 31 stay stay VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 24 advcl _ _ 32 up up ADV RB _ 33 advmod _ _ 33 longer long ADV RBR Degree=Cmp 31 advmod _ _ 34 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: changed polarity=none | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **fly** | gerund | | | | | | | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 2 | **escape** | present | Flying fish | tuna and other hunters | | 200 metres | | | vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme tuna=Initial\_Location | | 3 | **leap out** | gerund | Flying fish *not said here* | | | | | | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 4 | **glide** | gerund | Flying fish *not said here* | | | like fins | | | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on fin=Trajectory | | 5 | **beat** | gerund | Flying fish *not said here* | fish's tails | | | | on the water | vn hit-18.1-1 «NP V NP PP»: agent=Agent tail=Instrument on water=Patient | | 6 | **stay up** | to-infinitive | Flying fish *not said here* | | | | | long *property* | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:008-the-ocean.lesson:16`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [The ocean: open sea, sunlit zone and t…, 15](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/8-the-ocean/15/) - next →: [The ocean: open sea, sunlit zone and t…, 17](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/8-the-ocean/17/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/8-the-ocean/)