--- title: An elephant's ears help it hear and lose heat, but cannot lift it; A… — The elephant house: herds, feet, food and the mo… · tree and pragmatics description: An elephant's ears help it hear and lose heat, but cannot lift it; African elephants have huge ears and two «fingers» at the trunk tip; Asian elephants have smaller ears, a rounder back and one «finger». Who acts: ears, newborn, African elephants, Asian elephants. A sentence of the lesson «The eleph --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/83-elephant-house-herds-feet-food-mouse-myth/13/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [The elephant house: herds, feet, food…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/83-elephant-house-herds-feet-food-mouse-myth/) / 13 # The elephant house: herds, feet, food and the mouse myth, sentence 13 An elephant's ears help it hear and lose heat, but cannot lift it; African elephants have huge ears and two «fingers» at the trunk tip; Asian elephants have smaller ears, a rounder back and one «finger». **Who acts:** ears, newborn, African elephants, Asian elephants · **What happens:** help, hear, lose, not lift, have · **To what, where:** newborn, heat, huge ears, smaller ears This is a sentence of the lesson «The elephant house: herds, feet, food and the mouse myth» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (ears, newborn, African elephants, Asian elephants), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:083-elephant-house-herds-feet-food-mouse-myth.lesson:13 # text = An elephant's ears help it hear and lose heat, but cannot lift it; African elephants have huge ears and two «fingers» at the trunk tip; Asian elephants have smaller ears, a rounder back and one «finger». # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 083-elephant-house-herds-feet-food-mouse-myth.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R2-punct-next ×1, R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1 1 An a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 2 det _ _ 2 elephant elephant NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 nmod:poss _ _ 3 's 's PART POS _ 2 case _ _ 4 ears ear NOUN NNS Number=Plur 5 nsubj _ _ 5 help help VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 6 it it PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 5 obj _ _ 7 hear hear VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 5 xcomp _ _ 8 and and CCONJ CC _ 9 cc _ _ 9 lose lose VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 7 conj _ _ 10 heat heat NOUN NN Number=Sing 9 obj _ _ 11 , , PUNCT , _ 15 punct _ _ 12 but but CCONJ CC _ 15 cc _ _ 13 can can AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 15 aux _ _ 14 not not PART RB Polarity=Neg 15 advmod _ _ 15 lift lift VERB VB Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin 5 conj _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=5:parataxis 16 it it PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 15 obj _ _ 17 ; ; PUNCT , _ 20 punct _ _ 18 African African ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 19 amod _ _ 19 elephants elephant NOUN NNS Number=Plur 20 nsubj _ _ 20 have have VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 5 parataxis _ _ 21 huge huge ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 22 amod _ _ 22 ears ear NOUN NNS Number=Plur 20 obj _ _ 23 and and CCONJ CC _ 26 cc _ _ 24 two two NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 26 nummod _ _ 25 « « PUNCT `` _ 26 punct _ _ 26 fingers finger NOUN NNS Number=Plur 22 conj _ _ 27 » » PUNCT '' _ 26 punct _ _ 28 at at ADP IN _ 31 case _ _ 29 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 31 det _ _ 30 trunk trunk NOUN NN Number=Sing 31 compound _ _ 31 tip tip NOUN NN Number=Sing 26 nmod _ _ 32 ; ; PUNCT , _ 35 punct _ _ 33 Asian Asian ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 34 amod _ _ 34 elephants elephant NOUN NNS Number=Plur 35 nsubj _ _ 35 have have VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 20 conj _ _ 36 smaller small ADJ JJR Degree=Cmp 37 amod _ _ 37 ears ear NOUN NNS Number=Plur 35 obj _ _ 38 , , PUNCT , _ 41 punct _ Agree=R2-punct-next|Haiku=37:punct 39 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 41 det _ _ 40 rounder round ADJ JJR Degree=Cmp 41 amod _ _ 41 back back NOUN NN Number=Sing 37 conj _ _ 42 and and CCONJ CC _ 45 cc _ _ 43 one one NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 45 nummod _ _ 44 « « PUNCT `` _ 45 punct _ _ 45 finger finger NOUN NN Number=Sing 41 conj _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=37:conj 46 » » PUNCT '' _ 45 punct _ _ 47 . . PUNCT . _ 5 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **help** | present | a elephant's ears | newborn | | | | | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent it=Beneficiary clause=Theme | | 2 | **hear** | infinitive | newborn *not said here* | | | | | | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V PP.stimulus»: agent=Experiencer | | 3 | **lose** | infinitive | newborn *not said here* | heat | | | | | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent heat=Eventuality | | 4 | **not** **lift** | can | a elephant's ears *not said here* | newborn | | | | | vn put\_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme | | 5 | **have** | present | African elephants | huge ears and two fingers at the trunk tip | | | | | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ear=Patient | | 6 | **have** | present | Asian elephants | smaller ears and a rounder back and one finger | | | | | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ear=Patient | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:083-elephant-house-herds-feet-food-mouse-myth.lesson:13`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R2-punct-next ×1, R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [The elephant house: herds, feet, food…, 12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/83-elephant-house-herds-feet-food-mouse-myth/12/) - next →: [The elephant house: herds, feet, food…, 15](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/83-elephant-house-herds-feet-food-mouse-myth/15/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/83-elephant-house-herds-feet-food-mouse-myth/)