--- title: Gibbons are small apes that sing loud duets, male and female togethe… — The ape house: orangutans, gibbons, bonobos and… · tree and pragmatics description: Gibbons are small apes that sing loud duets, male and female together, heard about a kilometre away. Who acts: Gibbons, small apes, loud duets. A sentence of the lesson «The ape house: orangutans, gibbons, bonobos and how apes think» of the biology course of Mova's primary school with its dependency --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/85-ape-house-orangutans-gibbons-bonobos/8/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [The ape house: orangutans, gibbons, bo…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/85-ape-house-orangutans-gibbons-bonobos/) / 8 # The ape house: orangutans, gibbons, bonobos and how apes think, sentence 8 Gibbons are small apes that sing loud duets, male and female together, heard about a kilometre away. **Who acts:** Gibbons, small apes, loud duets · **What happens:** be, sing, hear · **To what, where:** small apes, loud duets This is a sentence of the lesson «The ape house: orangutans, gibbons, bonobos and how apes think» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Gibbons, small apes, loud duets), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:085-ape-house-orangutans-gibbons-bonobos.lesson:8 # text = Gibbons are small apes that sing loud duets, male and female together, heard about a kilometre away. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 085-ape-house-orangutans-gibbons-bonobos.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change 1 Gibbons gibbon NOUN NNS Number=Plur 4 nsubj _ _ 2 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 4 cop _ _ 3 small small ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 4 amod _ _ 4 apes ape NOUN NNS Number=Plur 0 root _ _ 5 that that PRON WDT PronType=Rel 6 nsubj _ _ 6 sing sing VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 4 acl:relcl _ _ 7 loud loud ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 8 amod _ _ 8 duets duet NOUN NNS Number=Plur 6 obj _ _ 9 , , PUNCT , _ 10 punct _ _ 10 male male NOUN NN Number=Sing 8 appos _ _ 11 and and CCONJ CC _ 12 cc _ _ 12 female female NOUN NN Number=Sing 10 conj _ _ 13 together together ADV RB _ 15 advmod _ _ 14 , , PUNCT , _ 13 punct _ _ 15 heard hear VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 8 acl _ _ 16 about about ADP IN _ 18 case _ _ 17 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 18 det _ _ 18 kilometre kilometre NOUN NN Number=Sing 15 obl _ _ 19 away away ADV RB _ 15 advmod _ _ 20 . . PUNCT . _ 4 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is a** | present | Gibbons | small apes | | | | | tree rules | | 2 | **sing** *speech: express* | present | small apes | loud duets | | | | | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location duet=Theme | | 3 | **hear** | past | loud duets *not said here* | | | | | about a kilometre; away, together *property* | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V PP.stimulus»: agent=Experiencer about kilometre=Stimulus | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:085-ape-house-orangutans-gibbons-bonobos.lesson:8`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [The ape house: orangutans, gibbons, bo…, 7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/85-ape-house-orangutans-gibbons-bonobos/7/) - next →: [The ape house: orangutans, gibbons, bo…, 9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/85-ape-house-orangutans-gibbons-bonobos/9/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/85-ape-house-orangutans-gibbons-bonobos/)