--- title: Jonathan, a giant tortoise on St Helena, is thought to have hatched… — The reptile house: Komodo dragons, chameleons, t… · tree and pragmatics description: Jonathan, a giant tortoise on St Helena, is thought to have hatched in about 1832, making him the oldest known living land animal. A sentence of the lesson «The reptile house: Komodo dragons, chameleons, tortoises and crocodiles» of the biology course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tre --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/88-reptile-house-komodo-chameleons-tortoises-crocodiles/11/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [The reptile house: Komodo dragons, cha…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/88-reptile-house-komodo-chameleons-tortoises-crocodiles/) / 11 # The reptile house: Komodo dragons, chameleons, tortoises and crocodiles, sentence 11 Jonathan, a giant tortoise on St Helena, is thought to have hatched in about 1832, making him the oldest known living land animal. **What happens:** think, hatch, make, know, live · **To what, where:** Jonathan, 1832 This is a sentence of the lesson «The reptile house: Komodo dragons, chameleons, tortoises and crocodiles» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:088-reptile-house-komodo-chameleons-tortoises-crocodiles.lesson:11 # text = Jonathan, a giant tortoise on St Helena, is thought to have hatched in about 1832, making him the oldest known living land animal. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 088-reptile-house-komodo-chameleons-tortoises-crocodiles.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×2 1 Jonathan Jonathan PROPN NNP Number=Sing 11 nsubj:pass _ _ 2 , , PUNCT , _ 5 punct _ _ 3 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 5 det _ _ 4 giant giant ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 5 amod _ _ 5 tortoise tortoise NOUN NN Number=Sing 1 appos _ _ 6 on on ADP IN _ 8 case _ _ 7 St St PROPN NNP Number=Sing 8 compound _ _ 8 Helena Helena PROPN NNP Number=Sing 5 nmod _ _ 9 , , PUNCT , _ 1 punct _ _ 10 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 11 aux:pass _ _ 11 thought think VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 0 root _ _ 12 to to PART TO _ 14 mark _ _ 13 have have AUX VB VerbForm=Inf 14 aux _ _ 14 hatched hatch VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 11 xcomp _ _ 15 in in ADV RB _ 14 advmod _ _ 16 about about ADV RB _ 17 advmod _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=17:case|HaikuPos=ADP:IN:_ 17 1832 1832 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 14 obl _ _ 18 , , PUNCT , _ 19 punct _ _ 19 making make VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 14 advcl _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=14:conj 20 him he PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 19 obj _ _ 21 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 26 det _ _ 22 oldest old ADJ JJS Degree=Sup 26 amod _ _ 23 known know VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 26 amod _ _ 24 living live VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 26 amod _ _ 25 land land NOUN NN Number=Sing 26 compound _ _ 26 animal animal NOUN NN Number=Sing 19 xcomp _ _ 27 . . PUNCT . _ 11 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **think** *speech: other* | present · passive | | Jonathan | | | | | vn consider-29.9-2 «NP V NP ADJ»: subject=Attribute clause=Theme | | 2 | **hatch** | to-infinitive · perfect | | 1832 | | | | | vn grow-26.2.1 «NP.patient V PP.product»: agent=Patient | | 3 | **make** | gerund | | Jonathan | | | | | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset he=Product | | 4 | **know** | participle | | | | | | | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer | | 5 | **live** | gerund | | | | | | | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:088-reptile-house-komodo-chameleons-tortoises-crocodiles.lesson:11`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×2. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [The reptile house: Komodo dragons, cha…, 10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/88-reptile-house-komodo-chameleons-tortoises-crocodiles/10/) - next →: [The reptile house: Komodo dragons, cha…, 12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/88-reptile-house-komodo-chameleons-tortoises-crocodiles/12/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/88-reptile-house-komodo-chameleons-tortoises-crocodiles/)