--- title: Crocodiles swallow prey whole or in big chunks, and they also swallo… — The reptile house: Komodo dragons, chameleons, t… · tree and pragmatics description: Crocodiles swallow prey whole or in big chunks, and they also swallow stones, which may help them grind food or stay balanced in water. Who acts: Crocodiles, chunks, stones. A sentence of the lesson «The reptile house: Komodo dragons, chameleons, tortoises and crocodiles» of the biology course of Mo --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/88-reptile-house-komodo-chameleons-tortoises-crocodiles/14/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [The reptile house: Komodo dragons, cha…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/88-reptile-house-komodo-chameleons-tortoises-crocodiles/) / 14 # The reptile house: Komodo dragons, chameleons, tortoises and crocodiles, sentence 14 Crocodiles swallow prey whole or in big chunks, and they also swallow stones, which may help them grind food or stay balanced in water. **Who acts:** Crocodiles, chunks, stones · **What happens:** swallow, help, grind, stay, balance · **To what, where:** prey, big chunks, stones, food, water This is a sentence of the lesson «The reptile house: Komodo dragons, chameleons, tortoises and crocodiles» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Crocodiles, chunks, stones), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:088-reptile-house-komodo-chameleons-tortoises-crocodiles.lesson:14 # text = Crocodiles swallow prey whole or in big chunks, and they also swallow stones, which may help them grind food or stay balanced in water. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 088-reptile-house-komodo-chameleons-tortoises-crocodiles.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change 1 Crocodiles crocodile NOUN NNS Number=Plur 2 nsubj _ _ 2 swallow swallow VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 3 prey prey NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 obj _ _ 4 whole whole ADV RB Degree=Pos 2 advmod _ _ 5 or or CCONJ CC _ 8 cc _ _ 6 in in ADP IN _ 8 case _ _ 7 big big ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 8 amod _ _ 8 chunks chunk NOUN NNS Number=Plur 2 obl _ _ 9 , , PUNCT , _ 13 punct _ _ 10 and and CCONJ CC _ 13 cc _ _ 11 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 13 nsubj _ _ 12 also also ADV RB _ 13 advmod _ _ 13 swallow swallow VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 2 conj _ _ 14 stones stone NOUN NNS Number=Plur 13 obj _ _ 15 , , PUNCT , _ 18 punct _ _ 16 which which PRON WDT PronType=Rel 18 nsubj _ _ 17 may may AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 18 aux _ _ 18 help help VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 13 conj _ _ 19 them they PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 18 obj _ _ 20 grind grind VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 18 xcomp _ _ 21 food food NOUN NN Number=Sing 20 obj _ _ 22 or or CCONJ CC _ 23 cc _ _ 23 stay stay VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 20 conj _ _ 24 balanced balance VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 23 xcomp _ _ 25 in in ADP IN _ 26 case _ _ 26 water water NOUN NN Number=Sing 24 obl _ _ 27 . . PUNCT . _ 2 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **swallow** | present | Crocodiles | prey | | big chunks | | whole *property* | vn gobble-39.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent prey=Patient | | 2 | **swallow** | present | chunks *= chunk* | stones | | | | | vn gobble-39.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent stone=Patient | | 3 | **help** | may | | stones *= stone* | | | | | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent they=Beneficiary clause=Theme | | 4 | **grind** | infinitive | stones *= stone* *not said here* | food | | | | | vn carve-21.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent food=Patient | | 5 | **stay** | infinitive | stones *= stone* *not said here* | | | | | | tree rules | | 6 | **balance** | participle | stones *= stone* *not said here* | | | water | | | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in water=Location | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:088-reptile-house-komodo-chameleons-tortoises-crocodiles.lesson:14`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [The reptile house: Komodo dragons, cha…, 13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/88-reptile-house-komodo-chameleons-tortoises-crocodiles/13/) - next →: [The reptile house: Komodo dragons, cha…, 15](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/88-reptile-house-komodo-chameleons-tortoises-crocodiles/15/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/88-reptile-house-komodo-chameleons-tortoises-crocodiles/)