--- title: Crocodiles and their relatives sometimes have tears while eating, pr… — The reptile house: Komodo dragons, chameleons, t… · tree and pragmatics description: Crocodiles and their relatives sometimes have tears while eating, probably from air pushed through the head, not from sadness; «crocodile tears» means pretend sorrow. Who acts: Crocodiles, crocodile tears. A sentence of the lesson «The reptile house: Komodo dragons, chameleons, tortoises and crocodi --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/88-reptile-house-komodo-chameleons-tortoises-crocodiles/16/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [The reptile house: Komodo dragons, cha…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/88-reptile-house-komodo-chameleons-tortoises-crocodiles/) / 16 # The reptile house: Komodo dragons, chameleons, tortoises and crocodiles, sentence 16 Crocodiles and their relatives sometimes have tears while eating, probably from air pushed through the head, not from sadness; «crocodile tears» means pretend sorrow. **Who acts:** Crocodiles, crocodile tears · **What happens:** have, eat, push, mean · **To what, where:** tears, air, head, pretend sorrow This is a sentence of the lesson «The reptile house: Komodo dragons, chameleons, tortoises and crocodiles» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Crocodiles, crocodile tears), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:088-reptile-house-komodo-chameleons-tortoises-crocodiles.lesson:16 # text = Crocodiles and their relatives sometimes have tears while eating, probably from air pushed through the head, not from sadness; «crocodile tears» means pretend sorrow. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 088-reptile-house-komodo-chameleons-tortoises-crocodiles.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change 1 Crocodiles crocodile NOUN NNS Number=Plur 6 nsubj _ _ 2 and and CCONJ CC _ 4 cc _ _ 3 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 4 nmod:poss _ _ 4 relatives relative NOUN NNS Number=Plur 1 conj _ _ 5 sometimes sometimes ADV RB _ 6 advmod _ _ 6 have have VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 7 tears tear NOUN NNS Number=Plur 6 obj _ _ 8 while while SCONJ IN _ 9 mark _ _ 9 eating eat VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 6 advcl _ _ 10 , , PUNCT , _ 13 punct _ _ 11 probably probably ADV RB _ 13 advmod _ _ 12 from from ADP IN _ 13 case _ _ 13 air air NOUN NN Number=Sing 9 obl _ _ 14 pushed push VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 13 acl _ _ 15 through through ADP IN _ 17 case _ _ 16 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 17 det _ _ 17 head head NOUN NN Number=Sing 14 obl _ _ 18 , , PUNCT , _ 21 punct _ _ 19 not not PART RB Polarity=Neg 21 advmod _ _ 20 from from ADP IN _ 21 case _ _ 21 sadness sadness NOUN NN Number=Sing 17 conj _ _ 22 ; ; PUNCT , _ 27 punct _ _ 23 « « PUNCT `` _ 25 punct _ _ 24 crocodile crocodile NOUN NN Number=Sing 25 compound _ _ 25 tears tear NOUN NNS Number=Plur 27 nsubj _ _ 26 » » PUNCT '' _ 25 punct _ _ 27 means mean VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 6 parataxis _ _ 28 pretend pretend ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 29 amod _ _ 29 sorrow sorrow NOUN NN Number=Sing 27 obj _ _ 30 . . PUNCT . _ 6 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: neg - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **have** | present | Crocodiles and Alligators's relatives | tears | | | | sometimes *property* | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tear=Patient | | 2 | **eat** | gerund | Crocodiles and Alligators's relatives *not said here* | | | air | | | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V PP.source»: agent=Agent from air=Source | | 3 | **push** | participle | | air *not said here* | | the head and sadness | | | vn push-12-1-1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent through head=Trajectory | | 4 | **mean** | present | crocodile tears | pretend sorrow | | | | | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sorrow=Topic | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:088-reptile-house-komodo-chameleons-tortoises-crocodiles.lesson:16`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [The reptile house: Komodo dragons, cha…, 15](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/88-reptile-house-komodo-chameleons-tortoises-crocodiles/15/) - next →: [The reptile house: Komodo dragons, cha…, 17](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/88-reptile-house-komodo-chameleons-tortoises-crocodiles/17/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/88-reptile-house-komodo-chameleons-tortoises-crocodiles/)