--- title: Male frogs fill a vocal sac with air to make their calls louder, tel… — The amphibian room: poison frogs, axolotls and t… · tree and pragmatics description: Male frogs fill a vocal sac with air to make their calls louder, telling females where they are and what kind of frog they are. Who acts: Male frogs, frogs. A sentence of the lesson «The amphibian room: poison frogs, axolotls and the frog rescue» of the biology course of Mova's primary school with i --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/89-amphibian-room-poison-frogs-axolotls-frog-rescue/13/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [The amphibian room: poison frogs, axol…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/89-amphibian-room-poison-frogs-axolotls-frog-rescue/) / 13 # The amphibian room: poison frogs, axolotls and the frog rescue, sentence 13 Male frogs fill a vocal sac with air to make their calls louder, telling females where they are and what kind of frog they are. **Who acts:** Male frogs, frogs · **What happens:** fill, make, tell, be, call · **To what, where:** vocal sac, calls, females, kind · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «The amphibian room: poison frogs, axolotls and the frog rescue» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Male frogs, frogs), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:089-amphibian-room-poison-frogs-axolotls-frog-rescue.lesson:13 # text = Male frogs fill a vocal sac with air to make their calls louder, telling females where they are and what kind of frog they are. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 089-amphibian-room-poison-frogs-axolotls-frog-rescue.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1 1 Male male ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 2 amod _ _ 2 frogs frog NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 nsubj _ _ 3 fill fill VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=0:root|HaikuPos=VERB:VB:Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin 4 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 6 det _ _ 5 vocal vocal ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 6 amod _ _ 6 sac sac NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 obj _ _ 7 with with ADP IN _ 8 case _ _ 8 air air NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 obl _ _ 9 to to PART TO _ 10 mark _ _ 10 make make VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 3 advcl _ _ 11 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 12 nmod:poss _ _ 12 calls call NOUN NNS Number=Plur 10 obj _ _ 13 louder loud ADJ JJR Degree=Cmp 10 xcomp _ _ 14 , , PUNCT , _ 16 punct _ _ 15 telling tell VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 10 advcl _ _ 16 females female NOUN NNS Number=Plur 15 iobj _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=15:obj 17 where where ADV WRB PronType=Rel 15 ccomp _ _ 18 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 17 nsubj _ _ 19 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 17 cop _ _ 20 and and CCONJ CC _ 22 cc _ _ 21 what what DET WDT PronType=Int 22 det _ _ 22 kind kind NOUN NN Number=Sing 15 conj _ _ 23 of of ADP IN _ 24 case _ _ 24 frog frog NOUN NN Number=Sing 22 nmod _ _ 25 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 22 nsubj _ _ 26 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 22 cop _ _ 27 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **fill** | present | Male frogs | a vocal sac | | | | with air | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent sac=Patient with air=Instrument | | 2 | **make** | to-infinitive | Male frogs *not said here* | frogs's calls | | | | loud *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset call=Product | | 3 | **tell** *speech: assert* | gerund | Male frogs *not said here* | | females | | | | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent female=Recipient | | 4 | **is** | present | frogs *= frog* | | | | | where *property* | tree rules | | 5 | **is a** | present | frogs *= frog* | what kind | | | | of frog | tree rules | | 6 | **call** | | frogs *= frog* | | | | | | nom call «communication transitive»: poss=agent | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:089-amphibian-room-poison-frogs-axolotls-frog-rescue.lesson:13`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [The amphibian room: poison frogs, axol…, 12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/89-amphibian-room-poison-frogs-axolotls-frog-rescue/12/) - next →: [The amphibian room: poison frogs, axol…, 14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/89-amphibian-room-poison-frogs-axolotls-frog-rescue/14/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/89-amphibian-room-poison-frogs-axolotls-frog-rescue/)