---
title: Wild poison dart frogs have poison in their skin, and their bright c… — The amphibian room: poison frogs, axolotls and t… · tree and pragmatics
description: Wild poison dart frogs have poison in their skin, and their bright colours warn predators; zoo-bred ones are not poisonous because their poison comes from the ants and mites they eat in the wild. Who acts: Wild dart frogs, bright colours, bred ones, poison. A sentence of the lesson «The amphibian ro
---

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# The amphibian room: poison frogs, axolotls and the frog rescue, sentence 4

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Wild poison dart frogs have poison in their skin, and their bright colours warn predators; zoo-bred ones are not poisonous because their poison comes from the ants and mites they eat in the wild.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Wild dart frogs, bright colours, bred ones, poison, frogs · **What happens:** have, warn, breed, not be, come, eat · **To what, where:** poison, skin, predators, ants, wild

<!-- .vabout -->
This is a sentence of the lesson «The amphibian room: poison frogs, axolotls and the frog rescue» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Wild dart frogs, bright colours, bred ones, poison), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:biology:089-amphibian-room-poison-frogs-axolotls-frog-rescue.lesson:4
# text = Wild poison dart frogs have poison in their skin, and their bright colours warn predators; zoo-bred ones are not poisonous because their poison comes from the ants and mites they eat in the wild.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = biology
# lesson = 089-amphibian-room-poison-frogs-axolotls-frog-rescue.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change
1	Wild	wild	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
2	poison	poison	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	dart	dart	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	frogs	frog	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
5	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	poison	poison	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	skin	skin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
12	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	14	nmod:poss	_	_
13	bright	bright	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	colours	colour	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	nsubj	_	_
15	warn	warn	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	_
16	predators	predator	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	obj	_	_
17	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	21	punct	_	_
18	zoo	zoo	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	compound	_	_
19	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	18	punct	_	_
20	bred	breed	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	21	amod	_	_
21	ones	one	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	24	nsubj	_	_
22	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	24	cop	_	_
23	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	24	advmod	_	_
24	poisonous	poisonous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	parataxis	_	_
25	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	28	mark	_	_
26	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	27	nmod:poss	_	_
27	poison	poison	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	nsubj	_	_
28	comes	come	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	24	advcl	_	_
29	from	from	ADP	IN	_	31	case	_	_
30	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	31	det	_	_
31	ants	ant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	28	obl	_	_
32	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	33	cc	_	_
33	mites	mite	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	31	conj	_	_
34	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	35	nsubj	_	_
35	eat	eat	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	31	acl:relcl	_	_
36	in	in	ADP	IN	_	38	case	_	_
37	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	38	det	_	_
38	wild	wild	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	35	obl	_	_
39	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | Wild dart frogs | poison |  | frogs's skin |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent poison=Patient |
| 2 | **warn** *speech: warn* | present | frogs's bright colours | predators |  |  |  |  | vn advise-37.9-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent predator=Recipient |
| 3 | **breed** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **not** **is** | present | bred ones |  |  |  |  | poisonous *property* | tree rules |
| 5 | **come** | present | frogs's poison |  |  | the ants and mites |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme from ant=Initial\_Location |
| 6 | **eat** | present | frogs *= frog* | the ants and mites *not said here* |  | the wild |  |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ant=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:089-amphibian-room-poison-frogs-axolotls-frog-rescue.lesson:4`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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