--- title: The manta ray is the biggest ray, with fins up to about 7 metres acr… — The aquarium: the shark tunnel and the rays · tree and pragmatics description: The manta ray is the biggest ray, with fins up to about 7 metres across, and it eats tiny floating plankton by swimming with its mouth open; plankton is everywhere in the sea, so filtering lots of it can feed a huge body. Who acts: manta ray, barb, tiny floating plankton, plankton. A sentence of the --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/91-the-aquarium-the-shark-tunnel-and-the-rays/12/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [The aquarium: the shark tunnel and the…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/91-the-aquarium-the-shark-tunnel-and-the-rays/) / 12 # The aquarium: the shark tunnel and the rays, sentence 12 The manta ray is the biggest ray, with fins up to about 7 metres across, and it eats tiny floating plankton by swimming with its mouth open; plankton is everywhere in the sea, so filtering lots of it can feed a huge body. **Who acts:** manta ray, barb, tiny floating plankton, plankton, sea, lots · **What happens:** be, eat, float, swim, filter, feed · **To what, where:** biggest ray, tiny floating plankton, sea, lots, huge body This is a sentence of the lesson «The aquarium: the shark tunnel and the rays» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (manta ray, barb, tiny floating plankton, plankton), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:091-the-aquarium-the-shark-tunnel-and-the-rays.lesson:12 # text = The manta ray is the biggest ray, with fins up to about 7 metres across, and it eats tiny floating plankton by swimming with its mouth open; plankton is everywhere in the sea, so filtering lots of it can feed a huge body. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 091-the-aquarium-the-shark-tunnel-and-the-rays.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×3 1 The the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 3 det _ _ 2 manta manta NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 compound _ _ 3 ray ray NOUN NN Number=Sing 7 nsubj _ _ 4 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 7 cop _ _ 5 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 7 det _ _ 6 biggest big ADJ JJS Degree=Sup 7 amod _ _ 7 ray ray NOUN NN Number=Sing 0 root _ _ 8 , , PUNCT , _ 10 punct _ _ 9 with with ADP IN _ 10 case _ _ 10 fins fin NOUN NNS Number=Plur 7 nmod _ _ 11 up up ADV RB _ 15 advmod _ _ 12 to to ADP IN _ 11 fixed _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=15:case 13 about about ADV RB _ 14 advmod _ _ 14 7 7 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 15 nummod _ _ 15 metres metre NOUN NNS Number=Plur 16 obl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=10:nmod 16 across across ADV RB _ 10 advmod _ _ 17 , , PUNCT , _ 20 punct _ _ 18 and and CCONJ CC _ 20 cc _ _ 19 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 20 nsubj _ _ 20 eats eat VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 7 conj _ _ 21 tiny tiny ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 23 amod _ _ 22 floating float VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 23 amod _ _ 23 plankton plankton NOUN NN Number=Sing 20 obj _ _ 24 by by SCONJ IN _ 25 mark _ _ 25 swimming swim VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 23 acl _ _ 26 with with ADP IN _ 28 case _ _ 27 its its PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 28 nmod:poss _ _ 28 mouth mouth NOUN NN Number=Sing 25 obl _ _ 29 open open ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 28 amod _ _ 30 ; ; PUNCT : _ 36 punct _ _ 31 plankton plankton NOUN NN Number=Sing 36 nsubj _ _ 32 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 36 cop _ _ 33 everywhere everywhere ADV RB PronType=Tot 36 advmod _ _ 34 in in ADP IN _ 36 case _ _ 35 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 36 det _ _ 36 sea sea NOUN NN Number=Sing 7 conj _ _ 37 , , PUNCT , _ 39 punct _ _ 38 so so ADV RB _ 39 advmod _ _ 39 filtering filter VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 36 acl _ _ 40 lots lot NOUN NNS Number=Plur 39 obj _ _ 41 of of SCONJ IN _ 44 mark _ _ 42 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 40 nmod _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=44:nsubj 43 can can AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 44 aux _ _ 44 feed feed VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 40 acl _ _ 45 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 47 det _ _ 46 huge huge ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 47 amod _ _ 47 body body NOUN NN Number=Sing 44 obj _ _ 48 . . PUNCT . _ 7 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is a** | present | the manta ray | the biggest ray and the sea | | | | with fins | tree rules | | 2 | **eat** | present | barb | tiny floating plankton | | | | | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent plankton=Patient | | 3 | **float** | gerund | | | | | | | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 4 | **swim** | gerund | tiny floating plankton *not said here* | | | | | with barb's mouth | vn swarm-47.5.1-1 «PP.location V PP.theme»: agent=Location with mouth=Theme | | 5 | **is** | present | plankton | | | the sea | | everywhere *property* | tree rules | | 6 | **filter** | gerund | the sea *not said here* | lots barb | | | | | vn wipe\_instr-10.4.2 «NP V NP.initial\_location»: agent=Agent lot=Initial\_Location | | 7 | **feed** | can | lots barb *not said here* | a huge body | | | | | vn feeding-39.7 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent body=Recipient | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:091-the-aquarium-the-shark-tunnel-and-the-rays.lesson:12`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×3. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [The aquarium: the shark tunnel and the…, 11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/91-the-aquarium-the-shark-tunnel-and-the-rays/11/) - next →: [The aquarium: the shark tunnel and the…, 13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/91-the-aquarium-the-shark-tunnel-and-the-rays/13/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/91-the-aquarium-the-shark-tunnel-and-the-rays/)