--- title: A sawfish is a ray with a long flat saw edged with tooth-like points… — The aquarium: the shark tunnel and the rays · tree and pragmatics description: A sawfish is a ray with a long flat saw edged with tooth-like points; it swings the saw to stun fish, and the saw also feels the tiny electric signals of hidden prey. Who acts: sawfish, saw. A sentence of the lesson «The aquarium: the shark tunnel and the rays» of the biology course of Mova's primar --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/91-the-aquarium-the-shark-tunnel-and-the-rays/13/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [The aquarium: the shark tunnel and the…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/91-the-aquarium-the-shark-tunnel-and-the-rays/) / 13 # The aquarium: the shark tunnel and the rays, sentence 13 A sawfish is a ray with a long flat saw edged with tooth-like points; it swings the saw to stun fish, and the saw also feels the tiny electric signals of hidden prey. **Who acts:** sawfish, saw · **What happens:** be, edge, swing, stun, feel, signal · **To what, where:** ray, long flat saw, saw, fish, tiny electric signals, hidden prey This is a sentence of the lesson «The aquarium: the shark tunnel and the rays» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (sawfish, saw), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:091-the-aquarium-the-shark-tunnel-and-the-rays.lesson:13 # text = A sawfish is a ray with a long flat saw edged with tooth-like points; it swings the saw to stun fish, and the saw also feels the tiny electric signals of hidden prey. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 091-the-aquarium-the-shark-tunnel-and-the-rays.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×3, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2 1 A a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 2 det _ _ 2 sawfish sawfish NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 nsubj _ _ 3 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 5 cop _ _ 4 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 5 det _ _ 5 ray ray NOUN NN Number=Sing 0 root _ _ 6 with with ADP IN _ 10 case _ _ 7 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 10 det _ _ 8 long long ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 10 amod _ _ 9 flat flat ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 10 amod _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=10:nmod 10 saw saw NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 nmod _ _ 11 edged edge VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 10 acl _ _ 12 with with ADP IN _ 16 case _ _ 13 tooth tooth NOUN NN Number=Sing 15 obl:unmarked _ _ 14 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 13 punct _ _ 15 like like ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 16 amod _ _ 16 points point NOUN NNS Number=Plur 11 obl _ _ 17 ; ; PUNCT , _ 19 punct _ _ 18 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 19 nsubj _ _ 19 swings swing VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 5 parataxis _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=5:conj 20 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 21 det _ _ 21 saw saw NOUN NN Number=Sing 19 obj _ _ 22 to to PART TO _ 23 mark _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=24:mark 23 stun stun VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 19 advcl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=24:compound|HaikuPos=NOUN:NN:Number=Sing 24 fish fish NOUN NN Number=Sing 23 obj _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=21:acl 25 , , PUNCT , _ 30 punct _ _ 26 and and CCONJ CC _ 30 cc _ _ 27 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 28 det _ _ 28 saw saw NOUN NN Number=Sing 30 nsubj _ _ 29 also also ADV RB _ 30 advmod _ _ 30 feels feel VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 5 conj _ _ 31 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 34 det _ _ 32 tiny tiny ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 34 amod _ _ 33 electric electric ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 34 amod _ _ 34 signals signal NOUN NNS Number=Plur 30 obj _ _ 35 of of ADP IN _ 37 case _ _ 36 hidden hidden ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 37 amod _ _ 37 prey prey NOUN NN Number=Sing 34 nmod _ _ 38 . . PUNCT . _ 5 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=10:punct ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is a** | present | a sawfish | a ray | | | | with a long flat saw | tree rules | | 2 | **edge** | participle | | a long flat saw *not said here* | | | | with like points | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent with point=Theme | | 3 | **swing** | present | sawfish | the saw | | | | | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent saw=Theme | | 4 | **stun** | to-infinitive | sawfish *not said here* | fish | | | | | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus fish=Experiencer | | 5 | **feel** | present | the saw | the tiny electric signals of hidden prey | | | | | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent signal=Theme | | 6 | **signal** | | | hidden prey | | | | | nom signal «communication transitive»: of=patient | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:091-the-aquarium-the-shark-tunnel-and-the-rays.lesson:13`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×3, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [The aquarium: the shark tunnel and the…, 12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/91-the-aquarium-the-shark-tunnel-and-the-rays/12/) - next →: [The aquarium: the shark tunnel and the…, 14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/91-the-aquarium-the-shark-tunnel-and-the-rays/14/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/91-the-aquarium-the-shark-tunnel-and-the-rays/)